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Background: Thrombocytopenia (TCP) is low platelets count, which is either due to defective platelet production or due to increased platelet breakdown. The platelet number alone does not give a complete picture of platelet maturity and function, therefore, the platelet indices have been the subject of intensive study in recent years, but they have not been firmly established. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are useful parameters in evaluating disorders of platelets. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of PDW in diagnosing causes of thrombocytopenia. Methods: 510 cases of thrombocytopenia and 500 cases of Control group with normal platelet count were included in the study. TCP was defined as platelet counts below 1.5 lacs/cumm. Hematological analysis was done on Mindray BC-3000 plus automated hematology analyzer. All cases were reevaluated by peripheral smear examination. Only those cases were included in the study, which showed platelet count and platelet volume parameters with graph both in cases and in control group. Results: Hyper-destructive group constituted majority of the cases 352 (69%), while hypo-productive group and abnormal pooling constituted 30% and 1.42% cases respectively. The mean PDW was significantly higher in hyper-destructive group when compared with hypo-productive group, Abnormal pooling and control group. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: PDW provides plenty of clinical information about the causes and patho-mechanisms of thrombocytopenia and could be helpful to distinguish hyper-destructive thrombocytopenia from hypo-productive thrombocytopenia. More attention should be paid to PDW along with other platelet indices to differentiate between hyper-destructive TCP from hypo-productive and abnormal pooling TCP. .

Cervical cancer is second most common cancer of women in India. Screening of cervical cytology by simple papinocolou smear is an effective tool to detect premalignant lesions of cervix. Present study was retrospectively done to determine the cytomorphological spectrum of various cervical lesions and categorize them according to Bethesda system .All the patients presenting in gynaecological OPD and health camps with gynaecological complaints were included and subjected for PAP smear. Most common complaint and physical examination finding was abnormal vaginal discharge (46.3%) and erosion on cervix (46%) respectively. A total of 300 cervical smears were evaluated out of which 22 (7.3%) cases were unsatisfactory for evaluation, 49 (16.3%) were Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and 196(65.3%) of NILM inflammatory category. Epithelial cell abnormality were seen in 33 (11%) with ASCUS in 15 (5%), LSIL in 12 (4%) and HSIL in 6(2%) cases. Maximum number of abnormal cases 15 (5.3%) were in age range 40-49. Cases of carcinoma were not encountered. The study enforces the significance of PAP smear screening in all the women at appropriate interval for reducing prevelance of cervical cancer in developing country like India. INTRODUCTIONCancer cervix is a disease of global burden and stands as third most common cancer in women worldwide (Sreedevi A et al 2015). In India it is second most common cancer with a peak incidence 55-59 years (Dhananjaya S et al 2014) Mortality varies eighteen fold between the different regions of the world, with rates ranging from less than 2 per 100,000 in Western Asia, Western Europe and Australia/New Zealand to more than 20 per 100,000 in Melanesia, Middle and Eastern Africa as per GLOBACON cancer fact sheet. According to world health organization approximately 80% of cervical cancer deaths occurred in developing countries. In India the mortality rate varies between 9.8-17.5 per 100,00. Without urgent intervention, deaths due to cervical cancer are projected to rise by almost 25% over the next 10 years. (Consul S et al 2012) The high mortality rates is attributable to the presentation of patient at later stages of disease. It is partly contributed because of subtle clinical features of disease.Most of the disease comes into attention only after the onset of symptoms and unfortunately in late stages. One of the major management challenges encountered is late presentation, as more than 56.0% of the cases present in stages III and IV. (Eze JN et al 2013). Data suggest that more than half of cervical cancer cases could be prevented through adequate screening. Fifty percent of women diagnosed with cervical cancer have never undergone cervical cytology testing and another 10% have not received screening in the five years preceding their diagnosis. Furthermore, cervical cancer is very rare among screened women as less than 10 per 100,000 annual (Sokol RJ et al2003). This outlines the significance of regular and periodic screening of all sexually active women. The cancer in spite o...

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