There is an old and famous fact "the garden is the poor man's apothecary" and treatment of each and every disease is hidden in nature. Medicinal plants are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Since ages, herbs are being used for treating different ailments in different parts of world by different communities. A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine. The problem of urinary stones or calculi is a very ancient one these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, the kidney, and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. Urolithiasis is a complex process that occurs from series of several physicochemical event including super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. Present article deals with reason, types of kidney stones, risk factors associated, diagnosis and treatment methods including many medicinal plants as herbal option for treatment of urinary stones.

In the present work, some new imidazole derivatives (3i-xii) were synthesized as per design synthetic protocol scheme. The structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by modern analytical technique (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral data) and elemental analysis, results found in full agreement with their assigned structures. All the synthetic compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli (E. coli, MTCC 2961), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, MTCC 3160), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis, MTCC 121), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae, MTCC 3040) and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus, MTCC 7527)) and fungal strains viz. Candida albicans (C. albicans, MTCC 227), Aspergillus niger (A. niger, MTCC 277) and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus, MTCC 418) ; results showed good to remarkable activity. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were determined by comparison to ciprofloxacin (anti-bacterial) and fluconazole (anti-fungal) as standard drug. Among them, compound 3iv and 3x exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. These compounds may be used as new template for the searching of potential antimicrobial agents.

Objective: Some new imidazole derivatives (3i-xii) were synthesized as per design synthetic protocol scheme. The structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by modern analytical technique and elemental analysis. Methods: All the synthetic compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial results showed good to remarkable activity. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were determined by comparison to ciprofloxacin (antibacterial) and fluconazole (anti-fungal) as standard drug. Among them, compound 3iv and 3x exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. These compounds may be used as new template for the searching of potential antimicrobial agents. Results: The purity of the compound was verified with the help of TLC (B: A, 9:1). % age of yield was found 83% and melting point noted 151-1520C. Compounds (3ii, 3viii and 3ix) were shown moderate activity against E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus and K. pneumonia, whereas compounds (3iii, 3vii, 3xi and 3xii) showed mild activity against few bacterial strainsμg/ml. The compounds of electron releasing imidazole derivatives (3ii, 3iv, 3viii, 3ix, 3x and xi) presented comparatively better anti-fungal activity than the compounds of electron withdrawing imidazole derivatives (3iii, 3vii and 3xii). Conclusion: The biological activity result revealed that all the newly synthetic compounds 3i-xii [4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(substituted phenyl)-1H-imidazole] exhibited better antibacterial activity as compared to antifungal activity in compare to reference drug.