Approaches to learning correlate positively with the quality of learning. Successful learning of anatomy requires a balance between memorisation with understanding and visualisation. Interrelationships between these three strategies for learning anatomy in medicine and other disciplines require further investigation.

Adolescent-friendly health programs have been in place in Nepal since 2008, yet uptake of the services for sexual and reproductive health remains suboptimal. For uptake of these services to improve, a rich understanding is needed of the factors impacting their acceptance and utilization from the perspectives of adolescents, health care staff, and key community informants. This study applied a qualitative research design involving six focus groups with 52 adolescents and in-depth interviews with 16 adolescents, 13 key informants, and 9 health care providers from six adolescent-friendly health facilities in Nepal. Thematic analysis was conducted for data analysis. The key themes identified as barriers include access issues due to travel, institutional health care barriers, perceived lack of privacy and confidentiality, and the unprofessional attitudes of staff towards the sexual health needs of adolescents. These themes are underpinned by gendered ideology and a moral framework around the sexual behavior of adolescents. Interview responses suggested that health care providers take a policing role in prescribing adolescents’ conformity to this moral framework in their delivery of reproductive health care and services. While physical access to health services may be problematic for some adolescents, this is not the priority issue. Attention needs to be given to increasing the capacity of health care providers to deliver services without imposing their own and socially sanctioned moral frameworks around adolescent sexual behavior. Such capacity building should include training that is experiential and emphasizes the importance of confidentiality and non-judgmental attitudes.

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The focus of this article is the anatomy and histology of the anal canal, and its clinical relevance to anal cancers. The article also highlights the recent histological and anatomical changes to the traditional terminology of the anal canal. The terminology has been adopted by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, separating the anal region into the anal canal, the perianal region and the skin. This paper describes the gross anatomy of the anal canal, along with its associated blood supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. The new terminology referred to in this article may assist clinicians and health care providers to identify lesions more precisely through naked eye observation and without the need for instrumentation. Knowledge of the regional anatomy of the anus will also assist in management decisions.

Purpose: The aim and purpose of this study are to determine the awareness among people about contact lenses and also about the facts and myths regarding contact lens. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey on 300 people of northern U. P. having the refractive error. It was done through a Questionnaire-based survey for which a structural, standardized, self-administered questionnaire in the English language was made, including three sections named Section A, B, and C. Section A is common for all the participants, Section B was for contact lens wearers and Section C was for those who were not Contact lens wearer but they were spectacle wearer. Result: Among the 300 subjects 32% (96 people), were regular users of contact lens whereas 68% (204 people) have never tried Contact lens because of the myth in their minds about contact lens. 38% (114 people) think about the contact lens is a thin, curved plastic lens that is used to correct refractive error. 12% (36 people) think that this is an eye protection device and 28% (84 people) think that it is used for cosmetic purposes. Conclusion: Everyone who participated in this survey was well educated and possesses many misconceptions about the contact lens. Due to which they avoid the use of Contact lenses and also suggest the same to others. So it can be concluded that there is an urgent need of enhancing the knowledge about contact lens among people. Keywords: Contact lens, Myths, Refractive error, Awareness, Vision-related problems.