To examine prognostic factors that influence complications after hip fracture surgery. To summarise proposed underlying mechanisms for their influence. MethodsWe reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Scoping Review extension. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine, Cochrane Library, and reference lists of retrieved studies for studies of prognostic factor/s of postoperative in-hospital medical complication/s among patients 50 years and older treated surgically for non-pathological closed hip fracture, published in English January 2008 -January 2018. We excluded studies of surgery type or in-hospital medications. Screening was duplicated by two independent reviewers. One reviewer completed extraction with accuracy checks by a second. We summarised extent, nature, and proposed underlying mechanisms for prognostic factors of complications narratively and in a dependency graph. ResultsWe identified 44 prognostic factors of in-hospital complications after hip fracture surgery from 56 studies. Of these, we identified 7 patient factors-dehydration, anaemia, hypotension, heart rate variability, pressure risk, nutrition, indwelling catheter use; and 7 process factors-time to surgery, anaesthetic type, transfusion strategy, orthopaedic versus geriatric/comanaged care, and multidisciplinary care pathway, potentially modifiable during index hospitalisation. We identified underlying mechanisms for 15 of 44 factors. The reported association between 12 prognostic factors and complications was inconsistent across studies. ConclusionsMost factors were reported by one study with no proposed underlying mechanism for their influence. Where reported by more than one study, there was inconsistency in reported associations and the conceptualisation of complications differed, limiting comparison across studies. It is therefore not possible to be certain whether intervening on these factors would reduce the rate of complications after hip fracture surgery.

Objective: The systematic review aims to investigate the effect of sampling source on activated clotting time (ACT) measurement within cardiovascular surgery and cardiac catheterisation. It also examines the evidence surrounding novel clot assessment techniques and associated sampling variation. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until 20th June 2020. All studies reporting sampling source variability of ACT in cardiac surgery, vascular surgery and cardiac catheterisation were included. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review. Inconsistent reports of variability were seen in cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterisation. There were no studies directly examining ACT variability in vascular surgery. Novel clot assessment techniques have been validated in cardiac surgery, but measurements vary depending on sampling source. Conclusion: Sampling source should be kept consistent to facilitate effective haemostatic strategies. More research is needed regarding variability in vascular surgery and novel clot assessment techniques.

Background For the evaluation of total cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; renal), the amount of protein in the urine has to be considered an important factor. For reducing proteinuria level and lowering the risk of renal, cardiovascular endpoint, this may become a crucial decision. Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of the stage 5 CKD female patients recruited over 2 months in 2017, based on clinical and laboratory investigation. CKD was diagnosed on serum creatinine levels and stage 5 CKD depending on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculation. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed on clinical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram. Results This study was conducted on 50 patients at the authors’ hospital. Out of these, 25 were cases and 25 constituted controls. Out of 25 controls, 13 had microalbuminuria and 12 had proteinuria and no cardiovascular disease. Out of 25 cases, 2 cases had microalbuminuria and 23 had proteinuria. More number of CKD with CAD group had proteinuria than CKD without CAD, which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.000). CKD patients with CAD had higher degree of proteinuria than those without CAD, which was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Conclusion This study showed that proteinuria and its cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients are correlated. For detection of CAD in CKD patients, proteinuria levels may be crucial regarding the treatment decision.