The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of patients based on the poison chosen and different types of organophosphorus compounds. The data were collected to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of organophosphate (OP)-poisoned patients based on the source, site, and route of poisoning, education level, occupational status, and the purpose of poisoning. Furthermore, we estimated the serotonin and dopamine levels in the plasma samples of patients, and survival plots were also described. During the study of OP pesticide poisoning in 116 human subjects and 5 healthy volunteers, we observed, based on the survival plot, that75.9% of the patients were discharged, and the remaining patients died (24.1% of the patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest that the serotonin levels significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decreased from 12 to 36 h, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 h in the group with OP poisoning compared to the control group. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioural changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP-poisoned patients. The purpose of this work was to serve as a small reminder of the risk to public health associated with organophosphate pesticides.

Objective and design: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the digestive system marked by oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and elevation of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we demonstrate the protective effect of Ethyl gallate (EG), a phytochemical, and Propyl gallate (PG), an antioxidant, given through normal drinking water (DW) and copper water (CW) in various combinations, which had a positive effect on the amelioration of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice. Materials and methods: We successfully determined the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and Antioxidant enzymes by ELISA, tracked Oxidative/Nitrosative stress (RO/NS) by in vivo imaging (IVIS) using L-012 chemiluminescent probe, disease activity index (DAI), histopathological and morphometric analysis of colon in DSS-induced Colitis in a model. Results: The results revealed that oral administration of Ethyl gallate and Propyl gallate at a dose of 50 mg/kg considerably reduced the severity of colitis and improved both macroscopic and microscopic clinical symptoms. The limits of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ) in colonic tissue were considerably reduced in the DSS+EG-treated and DSS+PG-treated groups, compared to the DSS alone treated group. IVIS imaging of animals from the DSS+EG and DSS+PG treated groups showed a highly significant decrease in RO/NS species relative to the DSS control group, with the exception of the DSS+PG/CW and DSS+EG+PG/CW treated groups. We also observed lower levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and higher levels of GST and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, we showed that the EG, PG, and EG+PG-treated groups had a healing impact on DAI score, body weight, and colon length in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In this 21-day study, mice were treated daily with test substances and were challenged to DSS from day 7 to 14. Conclusion: Our study highlights the protective effect of ethyl gallate and propyl gallate in various combinations which, in pre-clinical animals, serves as an anti-inflammatory drug against the severe form of colitis, indicating its potential for the treatment of IBD in humans. In addition, propyl gallate was investigated for the first time in this study for its anti-colitogenic effect with normal drinking water and reduced effect with copper water.

Background:Pesticides represent many risks to human and environmental health, but few end-user selection criteria account for differences in risk across compounds. People who inadvertently consume toxins such as organophosphate pesticides were commonly seen in India's tertiary hospital emergency departments. However, the scarcity of knowledge about organophosphorus pesticide toxicity and the pesticide influences on neurotransmitters' role in humans is not reported.Aim and ObjectiveTo investigate the name of the OP pesticide consumed, their severity of the poisoning, and socio-demographic data (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), were not consume OP pesticide. Furthermore, we estimated the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in acute OP poison human plasma and survival and mortality in human suicidal cases with different OP pesticides at general tertiary hospitals in India.MethodsThis prospective studydata (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), aims on hospital admitted human suicidal attempt cases to examine the toxicity of organophosphorus poisons. The data was collected to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of OP poisoned patients based on source, site, and route of poison, education, occupational status, and purpose of poisoning. ELISA kits determined the estimation of neurotransmitters. GraphPad Prism version 5.0 was used to interpret the data, including Dunnett's multiple comparison analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival plots.Findings/ResultsDuring the three years of this prospective investigation of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in humans, we surveyed one hundred and sixteen instances of attempted suicide by ingesting OP pesticides. Males accounted for 72.41% of the cases, while females accounted for 27.59%. We observed that, based on the survival plot, N = 75.9% of patients were discharged, and the remaining cases died (N = 24.1% of patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Findings suggested that the serotonin levels significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) were decreased from 12 to 36 hours, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 hours compared to the control group.Interpretation/ConclusionSuicidal poisoning is induced by a mix of psychological and social reasons; certain poisoning patterns are more common in demographic niche clusters. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioral changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP poison cases. So the clinician should focus on treatment and maintain the imbalance of these neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.

When plants and crops are suffering from pests and diseases it affects the agricultural production and overall development of the country. Often, farmers or specialists monitor plants for healthiness and diagnose diseases. Diagnosis of plant diseases is key to preventing crop losses and agricultural product value. Plant Disease studies refer to studies of the visible patterns observed in a plant. It requires tremendous amount of work, expertise in the plant diseases, and this method is often time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic identification of diseases using image processing algorithms provide fast and accurate results. This paper tells how the techniques and methods used earlier by various researchers in this field. Accuracy of their models and comparative summary is shown below. Also this paper tell how by using this technique farmer can detect plant diseases in his early phase that causes he can control it and grow their production. In that paper we describe various feature that we implement in our application.