Dissipation behaviour of ready mix polytrin C 44EC (profenophos 40% + cypermethrin 4%) and spark 36EC (triazophos 35% + deltamethrin 1%) applied at 1 L/ha in okra crop during Kharif in year 2000 was studied at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. Dissipation on 7th day was found to be maximum (98.4%) for profenophos followed by triazophos (86.2%), cypermethrin (73.5%) and deltamethrin (55.7%). Half life (t1/2) values for the above insecticides were 1.35, 2.55, 4.11 and 7.60 days, respectively. All the insecticides followed a first order kinetics. Profenophos and triazophos followed a biphasic dissipation pattern with faster dissipation in phase I (0-1 days) and manifesting slower rate of dissipation in phase II (1-7 days).

Teleconnection patterns associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact weather and climate phenomena in the Pacific-North American region and beyond, and therefore accurately simulating these teleconnections is of importance for seasonal and subseasonal forecasts. Systematic biases in boreal mid-winter ENSO and MJO teleconnections are found in 8 subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecast models over the Pacific-North America region. All models simulate an anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height response that is too weak. This overly weak response is associated with overly weak subtropical upper level convergence and a too-weak Rossby wave source in most models, and in several models also with a biased subtropical Pacific jet which affects the propagation of Rossby waves. In addition to this overly weak response, all models also simulate ENSO teleconnections that reach too far poleward towards Alaska and Northeastern Russia. The net effect is that these models likely under-estimate the impacts associated with the MJO and ENSO over Western North America, and suffer from a reduction in skill from what could be achieved.

Synthesis of nanomaterials with specific morphology is an essential aspect for the optimisation of its properties and applications. The application of nanomaterials is being discussed in a wide range of areas, one of which is directly relevant to the environment through photocatalysis. To produce an effective photocatalyst for environmental applications, morphology plays an important role as it affects the surface area, interfaces, crystal facets and active sites, which ultimately affects efficiency. The method of synthesis and synthesis temperature can be the basic considerations for the evaluation of a particular nanomaterial. In this study, we have considered the aspects of morphology with a basic understanding and analyzed them in terms of nanomaterial efficacy in photocatalysis. Different morphologies of specific nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver phosphate, cadmium sulphide and zinc titanate have been discussed to come to reasonable conclusions. Morphologies such as nanorods, nanoflower, nanospindles, nanosheets, nanospheres and nanoparticles were compared within and outside the domain of given nanomaterials. The different synthesis strategies adopted for a specific morphology have been compared with the photocatalytic performance. It has been observed that nanomaterials with similar band gaps show different performances, which can be linked with the reaction conditions and their nanomorphology as well. Materials with similar morphological structures show different photocatalytic performances. TiO2 nanorods appear to have the best features of efficient photocatalyst, while the nanoflowers show very low efficiency. For CdS, the nanoflower is the best morphology for photocatalysis. It appears that high surface area is the key apart from the morphology, which controls the efficiency. The overall understanding by analyzing all the available information has enumerated a path to select an effective photocatalyst amongst the several nanomaterials available. Such an analysis and comparison is unique and has provided a handle to select the effective morphology of nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications.

The current study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and spiritual intelligence (SI) and the consequent effect of both on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The piece of writing measures the concept of EI, SI and OCB across 555 respondents from various public and private sector organisations in India. The goodness of fit is measured with the help of AMOS by using structural equation modelling (SEM), and association between the variables is examined by using path analysis for hypotheses testing. Results of the study unveil a significant correlation between EI and SI and further depict that EI only has a significant effect on employees' OCB and their SI as such has no effect on it.

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