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Aim:Haemonchus contortus is a major problem in small ruminants in Indonesia. The frequent use of the anthelmintic drugs has given rise to drug-resistant populations which increase the need for new anthelminthic compounds, particularly from endemic plants. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of Biophytum petersianum crude aqueous extract (BAE) as an anthelmintic compound against H. contortus adult worm isolated from goats.Materials and Methods:Adult worm collected from naturally infected abomasums were obtained from slaughtered goats on the day of slaughter. BAE was prepared in six different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/ml) which were tested for their efficacies on ten actively moving worms. Ivermectin (1 mg/ml) was included as a reference drug, while saline water was included as a control. The dead worms from anthelmintic test then went through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:Highest mean mortality in treatments group both at 2 h and 4 h observations was BAE 10%. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands with molecular weights 9.3, 17.1, 50.0, 63.2, and 72.7 kDa based on BAE 10%. The SEM changes observed in the in vitro trials revealed the occurrence of interactions between the BAE and the cuticle.Conclusion:The SEM and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed ultrastructural structural changes and the decrease numbers of polypeptides on treated worms when compared to the control worms. It can thus be concluded that the BAE exhibits good anthelmintic activity against H. contortus adult worm.

H aemonchosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in goats in Indonesia. The biggest economic losses due to haemonchosis occur in subtropical and tropical regions which are mainly due to mortality, decreased production, stunted growth and low body weight (Mengist et al., 2014). In fact, West Papua could be a potential development area for goat livestock. Based on data from the Department of Animal Husbandry of West Papua Province (2016), the research Article Abstract | Haemonchosis is a common and severe disease caused by the infection of worms Haemonchus sp. Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) known as a plant from Papua Indonesia that contains tannin compounds and has potential anthelmintic activity. The present study was carried out to determine the influence of Kebar grass infusion on H. contortus under in vivo conditions. A total of 15 female goats at 6-8 months old were divided into 5 groups, and each consisted of 3 goats. All groups were infected 1000 infective larvae orally every week for 4 weeks. Three groups were given Kebar grass infusion a day at a dose of 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL respectively for 7 days at the 6th week. Group 4 was given Albendazole at a dose of 3.8 mg/kg body weight, and group 5 was not given treatment. Clinical examinations, hematological and EPG were carried out every week. All goats were autopsied and analyzed for pathology at the seventh week. Quantitative data to perform statistical analysis, as well as the results of physical examination and histopathology were analyzed descriptively. Body weight measurements in vivo as the mean, Body Condition Scores (BCS), and FAMACHA showed an increase. RBC, Hb, PCV and total protein values increased. The FECR value of the treatment group was higher than the negative control group. During the autopsy, both carcass and visceral organs were colourless, slight of subcutaneous fat, and small intestine haemorrhage and ascites in the abdominal cavity. Many nodules with diameters between 1.5-2.0 mm were observed in the abomasal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the control group were infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and the presence of worm pieces. Based on results obtained in this line of research, it is therefore concluded that Kebar grass infusion is anthelmintic against H. contortus under in vivo conditions.

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