Kayu putih merupakan salah satu hasil hutan non kayu yang penting di Indonesia. Hutan tanaman kayu putih di Jawa cukup besar, diperkirakan Perum Perhutani mengelola sekitar 24.000 ha areal produktif jenis ini dan memiliki 10 Pabrik Pengolahan Minyak Kayu Putih (PMKP). Namun Pengelolaannya belum optimal karena sampai saat ini produksi daun kayu putih masih jauh dari kapasitas terpasang pabrik, yaitu sebesar 53.760 ton daun kayu putih per tahun. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (1) mengetahui model produksi daun tanaman kayu putih dalam satu periode pemangkasan dan (2) mengetahui model produktivitas daun tanaman kayu putih dalam satu daur biologis. Hasil model yang diperoleh digunakan untuk menentukan saat daun dipanen dan saat tanaman kayu putih diganti dengan tanaman baru. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan survey, pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan pengukuran plot-plot ukur sementara (PUS). Plot ukur untuk pembuatan model dalam satu daur panen dibuat sebanyak 36 PUS dan 24 PUS untuk pembuatan model dalam satu daur biologis. Model produksi daun kayu putih terbaik dalam satu daur panen adalah Morgan-Mercer-Flodin model (MMF) dan pemangkasan optimum adalah pada umur tunas 7 bulan, dimana kurva laju pertumbuhan rata-rata bulanan maksimum berpotongan dengan kurva pertumbuhan bulan berjalan. Model produktivitas dalam satu daur silvikulktuyr adalah model polinomial. Daur biologis atau saat tanaman diganti dengan tanaman baru diperkirakan pada umur 25 tahun (kelas umur V), dimana produk-tivitas setelah umur ini menurun.
ABSTRACT
Cajuput oil is one of important non-timber forest product in
Melaleuca cajuputiKeywords: Leaves production model,cajuput oil, rotation, kayu putih ABSTRAK Kata kunci : Model produksi daun, minyak kayu putih, kayu putih
Papua Province has a natural production forest reaching 13.541 million ha, with log production achieving an average of 8.78% of the total national log production of 5.835 million m 3 /year. The logs were obtained from selective logging activities using reduced-impact logging techniques. This paper aimed to determine the potency, type, and quality of wood harvesting waste in the two forest concessions lowland natural forests in the province of Papua. The average potential of wood harvesting waste is 4.012 m 3 /ha or 16.25%. This figure comprises felling waste, which amounts to 2.529 m 3 /ha or 10.24%, and waste due to skidding and grading scaling, which amounts to 1.483 m 3 /ha or 6.01%. The types of logging waste consist of stump, end, and base waste with an average volume of 1.014 m 3 /ha (40.88%), 0.825 m 3 /ha (30.72%), and 0.690 m 3 /ha (28.40%), respectively. The quality of logging waste is dominated by defects, with an average of 2.733 m 3 /ha (69.10%). The waste broken due to the harvesting process averages 0.756 m 3 /ha (18.84%), while that of good quality averages 0.484 m 3 /ha (12.07%). The following measures should be taken to mitigate logging waste; (a) company management needs to train on reduced impact logging techniques for both chainsaw and tractor operators, (b) the piece rate system has to be reviewed, and (c) the monitoring function of logging activities in the field has to be improved.
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