Tuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the most prominent diseases across the globe. This present study aims to inspect the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative vector of TB. The efficacy of the AgNP was conducted based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the AgNPs through microplate Alamar blue assay. The preparation of the AgNPs involved chemical synthesis. The state and the size of the AgNPs were determined and confirmed by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study evaluated two strains: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium bovis. In addition, another multiple drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was also considered in this study, along with the clinically obtained isolates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium tuberculosis bovis. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be tetrahedral in shape with an average particle size of 45±3 nanometre (nm). The obtained results indicated that the proliferation of all the strains (two reference strains and one MDR strain) was resisted by the action of the synthesized AgNPs. The MIC of the MDR strain was noted within the range of 2-12 µg/ml, whereas the MIC for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium bovis was noted in the range of 2-14 and 3-30 µg/ml, respectively. Accordingly, this study proposed a novel approach to combat tuberculosis, which is considered a global threat to humankind, indicating the present study's novelty.

The present study investigates the conversion efficacy of glucose into calcium salt of gluconic acid (calcium gluconate) through fermentation by using the fungus Aspergillus niger (A. niger). The study further evaluates the impact of various process parameters and thereby identifies the optimum parameters to maximize the output. The different process parameters evaluated in this study were glucose concentration, pH, temperature, and aeration. After that, the optimized process pre-treatment parameters were used to determine the feasibility of the process for further industrial scale-up. The obtained results indicated enough competency of the optimized parameters to be reproduced at the industrial level. The obtained product was expected to meet the requirement as per the specifications led by various industrial requirements like food and feed, pharmaceutical industry, aquaculture and food industries, etc. The overall scheme of work presented in this study will help to define the techno-economic viability (in terms of energy consumption, environmental concerns, and higher yield) of the process and thereby will benefit various stakeholders.

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the river (Ganga) water quality by estimating  various quality indicators (also termed the physicochemical parameters) such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Rise in the concentration of the pollution signifies an upsurge in a load of pollution due to the different sources namely, sewage arising from domestic sources, effluents arising from industrial discharge, and effluents arising due to various anthropogenic activities. For the purpose of the comparative evaluation of the river water quality, the water samples were collected from the three different banks of the Ganga River for a well-organized interpretation.Obtained results indicate thatthe discharge of the various effluents has a grave impact on the water quality of the river. Industrial effluents mixing with the river water were noted to have the most deleterious impact on the deterioration of the water quality parameter. The extended aim of the study was to collect the fish samples from the three above-mentioned sampling points and thereby detect the presence of the heavy metal concentration (determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy or AAS). Obtained results also indicates that the fish specimen collected from the sampling point where the industrial effluents are mixing have the highest levels of heavy metals in the tissues of the selected fish sample. Accordingly, the study indicated a novel approach toward the characterization of the river water and thereby indicating the impact of bioaccumulation of heavy metals into the fishtissues which indicates the novelty of this work. The authors strongly believe that this work will be beneficial to various stakeholders and will be definitely helpful to various competent national and international authorities for decision-making and strategies formulation.