The major aim of the present study was to measure the ADC values of low grade and high grade tumors using diffusion weighted MRI, to determine their contribution to differential diagnosis and also to propose a cut off ADC value. A retrospective study was done in which the magnetic resonance imaging findings of 50 patients diagnosed as having intra-axial brain tumors on histopathology were studied co-relate the ADC values with the World Health Organization grade of the tumor. Higher grade tumors had lower ADC values (<1.0 x 10-3 mm 2 /s) than lower grade tumors (>1.0 x 10-3 mm 2 /s). Conventional MR was 100% accurate in differentiating grade I from higher grade tumors. Cutoff ADC of >1.4 X10-3 mm 2 /s was 100% specific for grade I tumors though differentiation among the various grade I tumors was not possible on DWI. Using a cutoff ADC value of 1.0 X10-3 mm 2 /s, the sensitivity of MRI to differentiate low grade from high grade tumors was increased from 91% to 100%, specificity from 84.6 to 96% and accuracy from 86.4 to 97.3%. Diffusion weighted imaging and the accompanying ADC values can add useful information to the morphological details provided by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.. It can increase the PPV, NPV and accuracy of MRI to distinguish low grade from high grade neoplasm's as well as to differentiate lymphomas from other malignant lesions.

No abstract

Abstract:Introduction: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare congenital anomaly due to incomplete or absent division of the prosencephalon or forebrain into distinct cerebral hemispheres. Case Report: A near term baby boy, born at 37 weeks of gestation to a 30 year old mother, in peripheral hospital without antenatal investigation like ultrasonography was admitted to our hospital with provisional diagnosis of anticipated sepsis. Cranial sonography of the patient revealed absence of septum pellucidum with dysplastic corpus callosum, partially formed frontal horns of lateral ventricles, colpocephaly and azygous anterior cerebral artery diagnosed as lobar holoprosencephaly. MRI brain confirmed all the features of cranial sonography with additional depiction of fused cingulated gyrus. Conclusion: Holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital structural anomaly of the prosencephalon that results in incomplete development of the brain. In its severe form it is incompatible with life. It is prudent to diagnose holoprosencephaly prenatally and determine the type to classify severity, complications and survival rate.

She is a fellow of ICOG. Reviewer for JOGI, JEMDS. She has reviewed many MD dissertations and research articles. She has nine research publications as a first author. She has been invited as a guest speaker, panelist at AICOG and also at AMPOGS several times. She has presented many oral papers and posters at AICOG and AMPOGS. She is a resource faculty for medical education. She has been office bearer several times at local FOGSI. She is always enthusiastically interested in implementing her own innovative ideas in teaching the students.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity ranks in the top three types of all cancer in the India. The diagnosisof it is basically clinical and bioptic, preoperative imaging is crucial for tumor staging that helps to decide appropriate therapeutic strategy and indicate prognosis. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging of oral cavity cancers and to correlate the results with clinical and pathological data. Methodology: This was a prospective study of 60 patients of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) where MRI was performed preoperatively to determine the tumor staging, tumor thickness, infiltration of surrounding structures and bone invasion. These findings were correlated with final pathological staging. Results: Accurate correlation of T stages (TNM system) was obtained in 51 out of 60 cases on MRI. One lesion was classified as T2 on MRI but was found to be T4 on histopathology as MRI failed to detect subtle infiltration of the cortical bone. The accuracy of clinical data in T stage evaluation was 62% (K-0.470), however the MRI accuracy found to be 82% (k 0.740). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI in the detection of mandibular involvement were 94.1%, 60% and 81.5%, respectively. Conclusion: MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of oral cavity carcinomas. MRI accurately demonstrates the tumor size, depth of invasion, bone marrowinvolvement, perineural spreadandlymphnodemetastasiswhichare essentialfor treatmentplanning.