BACKGROUND: Mortality and morbidity in an adult will be reduced by controlling hypertension from an early age. Uncontrolled blood pressure since children can contribute to diseases such as heart disease, organ damage, and decreased quality of life. As changes in lifestyle, it is estimated that hypertension in children will continue to increase. Until now, data regarding the profile of blood pressure in children in Indonesia is still lacking.AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in children in Bali.METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique in this study was multistage random sampling, that is, from 9 regencies in Bali, the selection of 3 regencies to be sampled according to socio-economic stratification based on regional economic growth and regional per capita income in Bali Province.RESULTS: From 1257, samples examined the prevalence of increased blood pressure, and hypertension was 689 children (54.8%). From the age group, the prevalence of an increase in blood pressure and hypertension in the age group ≤ , 12 years was 47.3%, and in the age group > 12 years was 62.2%. Increased blood pressure in nutritional status including Obesity 51.4%, Nutrition More 52.9%, Good Nutrition 42.2%, Nutrition Less 43.9%, Malnutrition 50.0%. In families with a history of hypertension, the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in subjects was 60.3% and in families without a history of hypertension was 43.4%.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is still a prevalence of hypertension in children in Bali. Health efforts are needed so that they can minimise the further health impact that might occur. It should also be noted that various factors can influence the prevalence of increased blood pressure and hypertension in children.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the coverage of Japanese encephalitis (JE) immunization obtained from a recall survey and immunization registers at community health centers (CHCs) in Bali Province, Indonesia. Methods: A population-based survey was conducted, and random 2-staged selection of clusters of sub-villages was performed. The sample consisted of households with children aged 9 months to 15 years old. Interviews were carried out with carers to recall JE immunization status. The recall immunization status was considered valid when name, date, and confirmation of immunization were available in an immunization register at a CHC. Descriptive analysis was performed. The completeness of the information within immunization registers at CHCs was assessed. Results: The coverage of JE immunization obtained from the recall survey was 93.8% (95% confidence interval [CI],). It decreased to 74.9% (95% CI, 72.8-77.2) after being validated against immunization registers. The recall coverage of JE immunization was significantly higher than immunization register data suggested. This discrepancy varied from 6.5% to 36.4% across 6 districts; however, none of these districts achieved the recommended target coverage of 95%. The quality of immunization registers varied across CHCs. Conclusion:The use of an immunization register may result in underestimating the true coverage of vaccination programs, and its utilization for measuring immunization coverage requires further consideration.

Background and purpose: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Indonesia remains high. Poor nutrition is a risk factor of anemia among adolescent girls, which is likely related to food intake restrictions to achieve a desired body shape (body image), and the habit of drinking tea while eating which can affect the absorption of iron. This study aims to determine the relationship between anemia with body image perception and tea drinking habits among adolescent girls.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design carried out from March-May 2018, involving girls aged 15-18 years at high schools in Badung District. Two schools were selected from 44 high schools, then a sample of 106 students were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collected included hemoglobin levels measured with hematology autoanalyzer, nutritional status with anthropometric measurements, and data on socio-demographics, socio-economics, tea drinking and eating habits, menstrual pattern, helminthiasis, knowledge and perception of body image with face-to-face individual interviews. Data were analyzed using the Chi square test for bivariate analysis, and multivariate using logistic regressionResults: The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) in adolescent girls was 13.2%. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with anemia were poor knowledge about anemia with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=11.4 (95%CI: 1.6-83.1), no iron supplement consumption (AOR=14.7; 95%CI: 1.9-109.8), negative body image (AOR=30.6; 95%CI: 2.9-321.1), tea drinking habits while eating (AOR=52.2; 95%CI: 4.2-642.9) and excessive menstrual volume (AOR=17.1; 95%CI: 1.6-185.9).Conclusion: Negative perceptions of body image and tea drinking habits while eating increase the risk of anemia among adolescent girls aged 15-18 years. In addition, poor knowledge about anemia, a history of not consuming iron supplements and excessive menstrual volume can also increase the risk. These factors need to be considered when designing policies to reduce anemia among adolescent girls.

The international tourist destination of Bali reported its first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 in March 2020. To better understand the extent of exposure of Bali’s 4.3 million inhabitants to the COVID-19 virus, we performed two repeated cross-sectional serosurveys stratified by urban and rural areas. We used a highly specific multiplex assay that detects antibodies to three different viral antigens. We also assessed demographic and social risk factors and history of symptoms. Our results show that the virus was widespread in Bali by late 2020, with 16.73% (95% CI 12.22–21.12) of the population having been infected by that time. We saw no differences in seroprevalence between urban and rural areas, possibly due to extensive population mixing, and similar levels of seroprevalence by gender and among age groups, except for lower seroprevalence in the very young. We observed no difference in seroprevalence between our two closely spaced surveys. Individuals reporting symptoms in the past six months were about twice as likely to be seropositive as those not reporting symptoms. Based upon official statistics for laboratory diagnosed cases for the six months prior to the survey, we estimate that for every reported case an additional 52 cases, at least, were undetected. Our results support the hypothesis that by late 2020 the virus was widespread in Bali, but largely undetected by surveillance.

Background: Elderly are those who already 60 years old or more. Elderly gave many impacts, some were positive, some are negative. Positive only if they are still productive and healthy, but there were also some negative impacts which cannot be ruled out, especially those who got illness and dysfunctions. Depression is one of the main contributors to elderly illness. This study aims to represent the depression status of elderly at UPT Kesmas Dawan I Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was involving 55 elder patients in UPT Kesmas Dawan I, Klungkung at the first week on June 2018. Sex, age, metabolic disease history, vision impairment, hearing impairment, and depression status by using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were included. Data were collected by interviewing the respondent. Those data were analyzed using SPSS version for Windows for the univariate and bivariate results.Results: From a total of 55 samples, 61.8% in males. Prevalence of depression is 45.5%. Prevalence of depressed elderly that have metabolic disease history is 84%, and those who have vision impairment is 88%. Lastly, those who have hearing impairment is 56%. Of the 25 people who were depressed, most of them were women (68.0%), had metabolic diseases (84.0%), vision problems (88.0%), and hearing loss (56.0%).Conclusion: In this study, almost half of the samples are on depression. Further investigation using other designs and study methods are needed to get better results.  Latar Belakang: Orang lanjut usia (lansia) adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai usia 60 tahun ke atas. Banyak dampak yang diberikan lansia terhadap kondisi suatu negara, baik negatif maupun positif. Positif apabila lansia tersebut masih dapat produktif dan sehat, namun dampak negatif juga tidak dapat dikesampingkan, terutama banyaknya lansia yang mengalami penurunan kesehatan. Depresi merupakan salah satu penyumbang angka kesakitan pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan status depresi pada lansia di UPT Kesmas Dawan I Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian potong-lintang ini melibatkan 55 pasien lansia di UPT Kesmas Dawan I, Klungkung pada minggu pertama bulan Juni 2018. Pengumpulan data mencakup jenis kelamin, usia, riwayat penyakit metabolik, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan pendengaran, dan status depresi menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Data diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows untuk hasil univariat dan bivariat.Hasil: Dari total 55 sampel, diperoleh 61,8% adalah laki-laki. Prevalensi pasien yang menderita depresi sebesar 45,5%. Prevalensi lansia dengan riwayat penyakit metabolik yang mengalami depresi sebesar 84,0%, sedangkan lansia dengan riwayat gangguan penglihatan sebesar 88,0%, dilanjutkan dengan gangguan pendengaran sebanyak 56,0%. Dari sebanyak 25 orang yang mengalami depresi, sebagian besar adalah perempuan (68,0%), memiliki penyakit metabolik (84,0%), gangguan penglihatan (88,0%), maupun gangguan pendengaran (56,0%).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini tampak hampir setengah total sampel menderita depresi. Penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan desain dan metode penelitian lain dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik lagi.