Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of visual impairment in premature infants that are actually very likely to be avoided. The risk factors that most influence on the incidence of ROP is oxygen. This research was conducted to determine the effect of duration, fraction and method of applying oxygen on the incidence of ROP in premature infants at Sanglah Hospital. This research is an analytic observational with case control study design, where the study was divided into two groups, namely the case group and the control group. Data were analyzed using bivariate using chi-square test and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was assessed using IK 95% and the P value at the limit of α = 0.05. After multivariate analysis was conducted with logistic regression to variable oxygen usage duration> 7 days, the oxygen fraction> 40% and oxygen use with CPAP or mechanical ventilation, it was found that the most influential variable is the application of oxygen fraction> 40% where the value adjusted RO 40.8 with a range of 2.8 to 594.8 IK 95%,