C Ce el ll l c cu ul lt tu ur re es s f fr ro om m b br ro on nc ch hi ia al l s su ub be ep pi it th he el li ia al l m my yo of fi ib br ro ob bl la as st ts s e en nh ha an nc ce e e eo os si in no op ph hi il l s su ur rv vi iv va al l i in n v vi it tr ro o Eosinophils from human peripheral blood were exposed to cell cultures from bronchial myofibroblasts and to myofibroblast-conditioned media. Eosinophil viability was assessed and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production was examined in co-culture supernatants and as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in myofibroblasts.Eosinophil survival was significantly increased and eosinophil apoptosis was inhibited by co-culture with myofibroblasts. Conditioned medium from tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated myofibroblasts also prolonged eosinophil survival. This effect could be blocked by GM-CSF antibody. GM-CSF mRNA and secretion from myofibroblasts were increased in co-cultures and by eosinophil-conditioned medium. Addition of antibodies to TNF-α and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) to co-cultures resulted in significant reduction both in eosinophil survival and GM-CSF levels. Blocking of fibronectin in the co-cultures did not affect the eosinophil survival enhancing activity. Prednisolone inhibited the eosinophil survival enhancing activity of the co-cultures by suppression of GM-CSF production.Soluble eosinophil-derived cytokines are involved in the interaction of eosinophils with myofibroblasts, which results in a tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-1α mediated release of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor from myofibroblasts. Bronchial myofibroblasts can, thereby, contribute to allergic inflammation by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis.
The current experiment was aimed to explore the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on glucose concentrations, cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels in blood and its effect on wound healing in intact and induced diabetes rabbits. 40th male rabbit divided to five treatment, T1 intact animal as control (positive control), T2 intact animal treated with (ES), T3 diabetic rabbits treated with (ES), T4 diabetic rabbit treated with insulin and T5 diabetic rabbits with no treatment as a negative control. Three sub groups were designed as well, T2*, T3*, T4* each one of them is the same main group but with artificial wound on some of its animals. the results were shown a significant decreasing p<0.05 in blood glucose concentration in T3 in comparison with T4 and T5. The cholesterol levels increased significantly p<0.05 in T4 in compared with T3. The concentrations of triglycerides recorded significant p<0.05 decreasing T3, T4 and T5 in compared with T1 and T2. In another hand the ES had a very obvious effect on wound healing in both T2* (intact animals) and T3* (diabetes animals) in comparison with T4* (insulin treated diabetes animals).
يتناول البحث دراسة ظاهرة التوازي الافقي في شعر ميخائيل نعيمة في ديوانه (همس الجفون) وذلك لما يحويه التوازي الأفقي في العملية الشعرية من قيمة جمالية, حيث يُعد رافداً مهماً من روافد الإيقاع من جهة, وعلاقته المباشرة بالتشكيل الدلالي من جهة أخرى, وعلى الرغم من عدم ورود لفظة التوازي بنصها إلا أنها جاءت ضمن مصطلحات تنضوي تحتها هذا المفهوم مثل (رد العجز على الصدر والتصريع والترصيع ) التي سنتناولها في هذا البحث. وقد تم توظيف المنهج الوصفي في كتابة هذا البحث من خلال الوقوف على هذه الظاهرة في شعر ميخائيل نعيمة, وكذلك المنهج الجمالي, وقد افدنا مما قدمته البلاغة العربية من مفاهيم أضاءت الجانب الجمالي والدلالي للتوازي, وقد توصل البحث إلى ان الشاعر ميخائيل نعيمة وظّف التوازي الافقي في قصائده العمودية, عِبرَ( رد العجز على الصدر, والتصريع والترصيع). وقد بدا هذا التوازي واضحاً في قصائد كثيرة من ديوانه (همس الجفون), فالتوازي الأفقي ناتج عن التطابق أو التماثل بين مكونات العناصر اللغوية المتمثلة بالأصوات أو المفردات أو التراكيب التي تًعاد ضمن فضاء الشطر الواحد, أو على مستوى البيت الواحد من القصيدة, . وسنتناول في هذا البحث التوازي الأفقي الذي شكلَ سمة بارزة في إطار البيت الواحد من قصائد الديوان, وهذه الانواع في الاصل مصطلحات قديمة وردت في كتب علماء البلاغة سابقاً أو كتب الادب والعروض كذلك. ومنها رد العجز على الصدر والتصريع والترصيع .
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