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This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality and mineral content of smoked cheese collected from different retail markets from Ibb and Taiz areas in Yemen. The microorganisms were determined as follows: Mesophilic bacteria, Proteolytic, Halotolerant, Coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Yeast and Mold as well as the presence of Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli. Cheese made in Ibb and Taiz areas had significant differences (P <0.05) in mesophilic, proteolytic, halotolerant, Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms, yeast and mold. Salmonella spp was not detected. pH, NaCl, fat and moisture content were also analyzed There was no significant differences for chemical composition except in moisture content. Minerals including Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The order levels of the metals in the Smoked cheese samples was determined to be Mn< Pb< Cd< Cu< Fe, with mean concentration 0.47, 0.53, 0.73, 1.56 and 7.84 µg/g, respectively. The investigation showed high microorganism counts, high levels of metals and poor quality of Smoked cheese, according to the Yemen Standardization (YSMO: 1556/1998).

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mushroom insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (MINSP) on Ochratoxin A-induced hepato-renal damage in rat. MINSP (75 and 150 mg/kg) administered daily for 15 days in concomitantly with Ochratoxin A (OA) (1.7 mg/Kg), intraperitoneal (i.p). Normal groups treated with MINSP showed significant decrease in serum levels of -glutamyle transferase (GGT),aminotransferases (ALT & AST), creatinine, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α ) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In liver and kidney homogenates there were significant decreases in malonaldehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO); while superoxide dismutase (SOD) content increased after treatment with MINSP. OA-treated rats showed significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, TNF-α, CEA, Uric acid, creatinine, MDA and NO and reduction of SOD level in hepatic and renal tissues. The combined treatment with MINSP + OA significantly ameliorated the tested parameters when compared with OA-treated group. It improved the antioxidant activity of the liver and kidney in dosedependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed that MINSP administration protected hepatocytes and renal tissues from the damage induced by OA. Immunohistochemical staining of iNOS expression and DNA damaged area decreased in liver and kidney tissues after administration of MINSP. Conclusion: MINSP are fat replacer in processing low fat diet. MINSP represent a good functional food and have detoxifying effect against ochratoxicosis in rat.

cholesterol (LDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: The results of the present study show a significant decrease in the levels of TC, LDL-C and TG in 1g and 2g of CD administration groups by 12.6, 24.1, 17.1% and 19.9, 25.5 Contribution/ OriginalityThis study is one of very few studies which have investigated the Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cyphostemma Digitatum on Serum Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes in Hyperlipidemic Subjects (human) and we found that, dietary supplementation with CD administration decreased serum lipid profile and liver enzymes in hyperlipidemic subjects.