Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is caused by trauma, infection, autoimmune, inflammatory joint diseases, and several other minor causes. Mucormycosis causing temporomandibular joint ankylosis has not been reported. We report two cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis caused by mucormycosis from 2018 to 2022. In both cases, the infection started in the maxilla, then progressed to orbit. After that, involvement of the mastoid process, styloid process, and base of the skull was observed in the first case, while in the second case, there was the involvement of the base of the skull and mandibular ramus. As the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components are contiguous to the base of the skull, it got affected causing temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Mucormycosis was diagnosed by KOH mount. The smear examination showed aseptate hyphae at 90 0 . Histopathology examination further confirmed mucormycosis. Glycemic control was done by infusing Insulin (both Lantus and regular). The case was managed with aggressive debridement and interpositional arthroplasty with a buccal fat pad. Liposomal amphotericin infusion was also started pre-operatively and continued in the post-operative phase. After 4 years of follow-up, the patient is well and had adequate mouth opening.Mucormycosis infection affecting the TMJ has been reported in the literature. However, this is the first report of a mucormycosis infection resulting in TMJ ankylosis in the literature. The infection should be aggressively managed. Reversals of an immunocompromised state, aggressive surgical management, and antifungal medication are the key factors for the success of the deadly fungal infection.

Background : High frenum is very common in function and esthetics. It is manage by procedure such as frenectomy and frenotomy. Most common is the conventional frenectomy which is done by the use of scalpel, now a day's laser is widely spread and can be used to perform surgeries. Aim of the study: To compare the degree of postoperative pain experienced by patients during frenectomy procedure with surgical scalpel and diode laser technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with the age range from 16-40 years old had participated in this study, they were all Systemically healthy, nonsmoker and who required labial frenectomy. That were divided into two groups. Group l includes 10 patients in which frenulectomy was done using the diode laser. Group ll with 10 patients in which scalpel had been used to perform conventional frenectomy. Parameters such as pain is evaluated at intervals of 1week, & 1 month. Results: Intergroup comparison of the mean VAS scores for discomfort and pain for both the groups showed significant difference between the groups. Patients treated with the diode laser had less postoperative pain and required fewer analgesics as compared to patients treated with the conventional scalpel technique. Conclusion:Based on this study outcome, the diode laser is a dependable alternative as it is an efficient and satisfactory option for procedures like frenectomy.

Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign tumor of the maxillofacial region that is aggressive and recurrent leading to multiple surgeries causing maxillofacial defect and deformities. The management of patients with ossifying fibroma is controversial.  The aim was to report a case of huge ossifying fibroma involving maxilla, zygoma, and orbit in a young female with a duration of 15 years. The patient was operated multiple times but the lesion recurred. Patient-specific implant was fabricated to replace the defect area which would be created after surgery but with meticulous intraoperative decision the high morbid surgery was changed to conservative surgery. No recurrence was seen after two year follow up. The patient aesthetic has also improved. In conclusion it can be said in huge benign ossifying fibroma morbid surgery should be avoided.