Ovarian malignancy is a serious disease affecting women of all ages, more so above 50 years, and they are still difficult to treat, partly because no truly effective therapy has yet been developed although presentation is often vague and non-specific, the symptoms are definitely present. It is important to recognize the symptoms so far, there is no test yet available, which is truly specific and suitable for screening and early detection of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. So, it is concluded that for prognosis and patient survival, early detection and treatment is mandatory.

Labor is induced to stimulate the uterine contraction in effort to have vaginal birth. Induction may be advocated to reduce fetal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. Indication of labor needs to be considered when risk and benefits analysis indicates that delivering the baby is safe option for mother or both rather than continuing the pregnancy and when there are no clear indications for caesarean section and no contraindication for vaginal delivery.

ObjectivesContributing factors to COVID-19 vaccination intention in low-income and middle-income countries have received little attention. This study examined COVID-19-related anxiety and obsessive thoughts and situational factors associated with Pakistani postpartum women’s intention to get COVID-19 vaccination.DesignCross-sectional study administering a survey by a telephone interview format between 15 July and 10 September 2020.SettingFour centres of Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children—Garden, Kharadar, Karimabad and Hyderabad—in Sindh Province, Pakistan.ParticipantsWomen who were enrolled in our longitudinal Pakistani cohort study were approached (n=1395), and 990 women (71%) participated in the survey, of which 941 women who were in their postpartum period were included in the final analysis.Primary outcome measure and factorsCOVID-19 vaccine intention, sociodemographic and COVID-19-related factors, Coronavirus anxiety, obsession with COVID-19 and work and social adjustment were assessed. Multiple multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with women’s intentions.ResultsMost women would accept a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves (66.7%). Only 24.4% of women were undecided about vaccination against COVID-19, and a small number of women rejected the COVID-19 vaccine (8.8%). Women with primary education were less likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine willingly than those with higher education. COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty and refusal were predicted by having no experience of COVID-19 infection, childbirth during the pandemic, having no symptoms of Coronavirus anxiety and obsession with COVID-19. Predictors for women’s intention to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 were similar.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors shaping women’s intention to vaccinate themselves or their children would enable evidence-based strategies by healthcare providers to enhance the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and achieve herd immunity against Coronavirus.

Background: To determine the association of primary subfertility in Polycystic Ovaries with BMI and waist circumference. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 01-08-2018 to 01-08-2019 at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan on (n=245) diagnosed with polycystic ovaries in the age group of 18 to 49 years. The study population, having diabetes mellitus, increased prolactin levels, disturbed thyroid function, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and the couples with contraceptive measures were not included. Mean ± SD was computed for numerical data, frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative data. Chi-square was used as a test of significance with a P-value <0.05 as significant. Results: The mean ± SD age of these women was 33.46±6.71 years with a range from 18 to 45 years. The proportion of subfertility in PCOS was 40.41%. The frequency of subfertility in PCO increases from normal weight to obesity significantly. (P-value <0.01) Additionally; women presenting with PCOS and increased waist circumference had a higher frequency of subfertility. (P-value <0.01). Conclusion: A much higher proportion of women with PCOS who present with obesity, overweight, and higher waist circumference were subfertile. With early screening and treatment for PCOS, weight control also is necessary to prevent the big issue of subfertility. Keywords: Obesity, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Subfertility.

The aims and objectives of current study were to assess the level of awareness of pregnancy health and its outcomes among women of rural areas. In group-A, group-B and group-C the percentage of ultrasound sonography test and folic acid levels of pregnant women were showed a significant (P<0.05) changes. Similarly On evaluating the other parameters such as vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, Hepatitis B & C, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) regarding percentage standard mean deviation in different groups the results are significant(P<0.05) and remarkable changes were calculated. It was concluded in this study that public health facilities with proper heath awareness programs and increased in qualification of rural women is required for better healthy mother and child. Keywords: Pregnancy awareness, pregnancy induced hypertension, Gestational diabetes, Gestational anemia