Dental caries is a public health concern worldwide for which Streptococcus mutans has been reported Known as the potential etiology of infection. In recent years, nanotechnology has applied to Creation of novel material properties. The research was studying the effects of Nanoparticles of Zinc Oxide on Streptococcus mutans isolate from dental caries. In this research, Different ZnO NPs concentrations were studied as its anti-bacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans was isolated from dental caries cases. 27 Streptococcus mutans isolates were obtained, which is equivalent to 20% of the total number of 135 isolates. This nanomaterial was chosen because it has a high affinity for human cells and does not cause harm compared to other nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are those very fine materials that can be produced so that their dimensions or the dimensions of their grains range from (1-100) nanometers, and because of the small size of the nanomaterials, which made them behave differently from large-sized materials whose size exceeds 100 nanometers, and because of the small size of the particles. Nanoparticles, which gave them electrical and magnetic properties that differ from large particles of the same compounds. The well diffusion method and the MIC experiment were conducted, and the results were good, as in the well diffusion method the efficacy increased with increasing the concentration of ZnO NPs. In the MIC experiment, it was observed that MIC in the sixth tube, meaning that the MIC of ZnO NPs towards Streptococcus mutans equals 0. 312 mg / ml.

Antimicrobial therapy is frequently associated with the emergence of resistant bacteria with a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was aimed at investigating the impact of a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum (Nd:YAG) laser, and a static magnetic field (SMF) on cellular growth and DNA alteration in some clinical bacterial isolates. Samples from cutaneous wounds were collected by sterile cotton swabs from three elderly women admitted to Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit City, Iraq. Isolation and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out using cultural characteristics, microscopy, and biochemical tests. Three broth cultures were prepared for each of the test isolates. The first broth culture served as untreated control, the second was exposed to an Nd:YAG laser and the third was exposed to SMF. Colony counting was done on all the samples. DNA was extracted from the test bacteria and used to perform the RAPD-PCR assay. In contrast to the untreated control, the results showed that Nd:YAG laser radiation was more effective than SMF at inhibiting the cellular growth of the test isolates. Also, the radiation caused DNA alteration, which was established by decreased microbial growth, as well as the development of new bands and the loss of original bands. According to the findings of this study, the Nd:YAG laser is a promising technique for influencing the healing of infected cutaneous wounds. RAPD-PCR is also a useful biomarker assay for assessing the biological impact of laser radiation and SMF on bacteria.

Background and Objective: Escherichia coli  bacteria are one of the most important bacterial races causing urinary tract infection, which is responsible for 90% of the causes of urinary tract infection and originated in the human intestine, this is Gram- Negative bacteria and facultative aerobic that moves by peripheral flagella and belongs to the bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae. Materials and methods: The bacteria were isolated from UTI, after they were diagnosed using light microscope and conducting biochemical tests, then exposed to the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and alcoholic extract of Punica granatum and Trigonella foenum graicum. genomic DNA was extracted for all samples and Random amplified polymorphic DNA - Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) marker was carried out using five random primers.   Results: The results of RAPD-PCR profiles shown that exposed to antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim) and alcoholic extracts (Punica granatum and Trigonella foenum graicum) lead to the disappearance or appearance new bands compared with non-exposed samples, and the highest rate of polymorphism for all each treatment and primers in sample 5 was 102.27% where the ratio % GTS for all treatment and primers is 6.04% in the same sample. Conclusion: All treatments caused genetic changes in the DNA of E.coli bacteria cells especially the Punica granatum which gave the highest effect than the rest of the treatments, this indicates its efficiency in treating bacterial infections.

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