Chuanicosmetura gen. nov. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) is established based on Chuanicosmetura emarginata (Liu, 2000) comb. nov. In this paper, this species was redescribed, and the male is firstly reported. Illustrations of important morphological characters are provided.

Diestramimini is one of the two tribes of Aemodogryllinae and is mainly distributed in southern China and Southeast Asia. The intergeneric phylogenetic relationship and historical biogeography of this tribe remain unclear. Here, we present the first phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses of Diestramimini based on three mitochondrial (COI, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and two nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) gene fragments. The molecular phylogenetic inference strongly supports the monophyly of Diestramimini and recovers the sister‐group relationship between Diestramima + Tamdaotettix and Arboramima + Gigantettix. A new genus, Bidiestramima Zhu & Shi gen. n., is established and recovered as sister to all the remaining genera of Diestramimini. Moreover, a new species Bidiestramima hekouensis Zhu & Shi gen. et sp. n. is described. Mimadiestra is recovered as paraphyletic, and thus, we propose two new combinations based on the combination of morphological and molecular evidence: Bidiestramima dicha comb. n. and Tamdaotettix (Laotettix) gracilus comb. n. Divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas indicate that Diestramimini in China may have originated from Southern Yunnan and Guangxi during the mid‐Oligocene and had two separate evolutionary routes. The diversification of Diestramimini has been driven by several dispersal and vicariance events since the Miocene, linked to the uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau, the formation of the monsoon and climate fluctuations.

The paper reports two new species of the genus Nigrimacula, i.e. Nigrimacula compressata sp. nov. and Nigrimacula platycerca sp. nov. Morphological illustrations and habitus photographs are provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

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