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This study reports the formation of cyanuric chloride hydrolysate and its attachment onto cellulose fibers though covalent bonding. The hydrolysis product, 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐hydroxy‐1,3,5‐triazine, is prepared in water solution at ambient temperature, and directly used as a treatment solution for the treatment of cotton fabrics without any prior work‐up. The triazine treated fabrics are rendered antimicrobial through exposure to chlorine bleach. The oxidative chlorine bonded to the triazine‐treated cotton is very stable and regenerable to standard washing tests and UVA irradiation test. The N‐halamine modified cotton fabrics demonstrate excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 with 7‐logs reductions within the contact time of 10 and 5 min, respectively. In addition, the results of in vitro cell viability test suggested that the N‐halamine modified fabrics have excellent cytocompatibility to mammalian cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40627.

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This study presents a method of producing biocompatible nanofibrous composites containing antimicrobial polymers which have excellent antimicrobial efficacy. Specifically, antimicrobial cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous composites were prepared by adding poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3 0 -triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PBA) to the CA solution using the electro-spinning technique followed with curing and exposure to diluted sodium hypochlorite.Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that CA nanofibers formed with diameters of 172 ± 62 nm. The chlorinated CA nanofibrous mats showed good UVA stability. The chlorinated CA nanofibrous mats completely inactivated Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (gramnegative) within 30 min of contact time. The cell culture assay showed that the N-halamine-modified CA nanofibrous composites are non-toxic in vitro.

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