The mini-subvastus approach could offer faster recovery, less pain and shorter hospital stays without compromising the principles of proper prosthesis position and limb alignment compared with the medial parapatellar approach.

The effect of different carbon sources was studied relative to the treatment effect of aerobic denitrifying bacteria during the treatment of nitrate-containing wastewater as well as the influence of co-metabolism flora. Three carbon sources, i.e., glucose, citric acid, and sodium acetate, were selected to study the changes in the pH, nitrate nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand removal, nitrite nitrogen concentration, physical and chemical properties of sludge and volatile fatty acids, and high-throughput sequencing to study any changes in flora. The results showed that the denitrification ability of the system using citric acid as the carbon source was stronger than the denitrification ability of the system using glucose or sodium acetate as the carbon source. The removal of nitrate nitrogen in the system was the result of the co-metabolism of acid producing bacteria and aerobic denitrifying bacteria. Due to the greater number of types and greater amount of dominant bacteria in the sludge domesticated and cultured with citric acid as a carbon source, the co-metabolism flora formed was more stable, so it could better remove nitrate nitrogen.

No abstract

BackgroundPrimary leiomyosarcoma of the bone (LMSB) is an extremely rare, invasive, and highly destructive primary osteosarcoma with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Only a few case reports of LMSB have been described because of its rarity. Therefore, clinicians have a limited understanding of its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and the final diagnosis depends on histopathological findings. In this report, we describe a rare case of primary LMSB in the trochanteric region of the femur. Reporting this case may increase the dissemination and understanding of information regarding LMSB and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.Case presentationA 63-year-old woman presented with pain and limited movement of the left hip, which had lasted for 3 months, with no history of trauma or illness. Plain radiography and computed tomography revealed a solitary osteolytic lesion in the trochanteric area of the left femur with focal cortical destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested invasion of the lesion into the bone cortex, forming a soft tissue mass, although no distant positive findings were observed on a whole-body bone scan. A bone tumor puncture biopsy was performed to obtain a final diagnosis, and histopathological evaluation revealed left femoral intertrochanteric leiomyosarcoma, classified as G1T2M0 and staged as IB (extracompartmental low-grade malignant) according to the Enneking staging system. Thus, we performed extensive debridement and left hip arthroplasty. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered, and the patient was followed up for 4 years. Four years later, the patient's left hip pain had resolved, joint activity was good, and no signs of recurrence or distant metastasis of the bone tumor were noted.ConclusionFor proximal femoral Enneking stage IB LMSB, extensive tumor resection combined with tumor prosthesis replacement may be an effective treatment method to prolong the patient's lifespan and to restore joint function.

Knee osteoarthritis is caused by a multifactorial imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of knee chondrocytes, subchondral bone and extracellular matrix. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affects the metabolism, synovitis, autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, as well as the production of cartilage matrix. The aim of the present study was to identify novel targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis and to examine the pathogenesis of the disease. The lncRNA expression profiles of seven patients with knee osteoarthritis and six healthy controls were examined by RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to further investigate the differential expression of the lncRNAs. A total of 23,583 lncRNAs were identified in osteoarthritis cartilage, including 5,255 upregulated and 5,690 downregulated lncRNAs, compared with normal cartilage. Although there were more downregulated lncRNAs compared with upregulated lncRNAs, among the changed lncRNAs (fold-change >6), there were more upregulated lncRNAs compared with downregulated lncRNAs. Several lncRNAs exhibiting differences were identified as potential therapeutic targets in knee osteoarthritis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed for the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. RT-qPCR validation was performed on three randomly selected upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the findings obtained by RNA-sequencing analysis. The findings from the present study may contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis and may predict the development of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the differentially expressed lncRNAs may aid in the identification of novel candidate targets for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.