In fat-body remodeling accompanied with fat mobilization is an ecdysone-induced dynamic process that only occurs during metamorphosis. Here, we show that the activated platelet-derived growth factor/VEGF receptor (PVR) is sufficient to induce shape changes in the fat body, from thin layers of tightly conjugated polygonal cells to clusters of disaggregated round-shaped cells. These morphologic changes are reminiscent of those seen during early pupation upon initiation of fat-body remodeling. Activation of PVR also triggers an early onset of lipolysis and mobilization of internal storage, as revealed by the appearance of small lipid droplets and up-regulated lipolysis-related genes. We found that PVR displays a dynamic expression pattern in the fat body and peaks at the larval-prepupal transition under the control of ecdysone signaling. Removal of PVR, although it does not prevent ecdysone-induced fat-body remodeling, causes ecdysone signaling to be up-regulated. Our data reveal that PVR is active in a dual-secured mechanism that involves an ecdysone-induced fat-body remodeling pathway and a reinforced PVR pathway for effective lipid mobilization. Ectopic expression of activated c-kit-the mouse homolog of PVR in the fat body-also results in a similar phenotype. This may suggest a novel function of c-kit as it relates to lipid metabolism in mammals.-Zheng, H., Wang, X., Guo, P., Ge, W., Yan, Q., Gao, W., Xi, Y., Yang, X. Premature remodeling of fat body and fat mobilization triggered by platelet-derived growth factor/VEGF receptor in.
Rice cells were precultured for 10 d in medium containing 60 g/L sucrose and subsequently for 1 d in medium supplemented with 0. 4 M sorbitol. After loading with 25%PVS2 at 22°C for 10 min and dehydration in 100%PVS2 at 0°C for 7. 5 min,they were plunged into liquid nitrogen directly. Survival was 45. 0 ±5.1% (based on the reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)following warming and unloading. For regrowth, cells were plated on semi-solid medium replenished with 40%(w/v) starch for 2d prior to reculture. Cell suspensions were reestablished and plants were regenerated from recovered cells. Twenty eight plants set seeds in the greenhouse.
Two finely-dispersed, homogeneous and regenerable cell suspension cultures were established from embryogenic callus derived from immature and mature embryos in barley. The quality and viability of suspension cells obtained were determined using differential-interference-contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope. Cell suspension cultures, maintained in modified liquid CC medium, showed a 10-fold increase in dry weight after two weeks with a doubling time of about 3 days. Addition of L-proline and casein hydrolysate in the medium had positive effect on the growth of cell cultures. Subculture interval significantly affected mitotic index. Both cell lines established were able to regenerate plants by somatic embryogenesis, but cell line Z-IM showed much higher regeneration capacity than cell line Z-M. Comparatively high frequencies of variations in chromosome number and structure were found in both lines, and a correlation between karyotype and morphogenic capacity was noticed.
MMI (multimode interference) coupler, modulator and switch based on SO1 (siliwn-on-insulator) have been become more and more attractive in optical systems since they show important performances. SiO' thin cladding layers (
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