A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

In pH 6.5 Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution and in the presence of stable reagent PEG10000 and aggregation reagent NaCl, nanosilvers were aggregated to form stable aggregated-nanosilvers (ANS). The molecular probe of 4-mercaptopyridine (MP) adsorbed on the surface of ANS to form MP-ANS conjugates that produce strongest surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) peak at 1097 cm-1. When Au(III) was added, the SERRS intensity at 1097 cm-1 decreased. The decreased SERRS intensity was linear to Au(III) concentration in the range of 5-50 ×10-10 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.0×10-10 mol/L Au(III).

Highly sensitive and selective surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectral detection technique are developed by combining the functional nucleic acid (FNA) including aptamer and DNAzyme, and nanoparticle such as gold/silver (NG/NS) aggregation. The recent progress of SERRS was reviewed in this paper.

In diluted HCl medium, berberine (BB) cationic ion and I3-combine to BB-I3association complex molecule. These complex molecules self-aggregate to (BB-I3)nassociation nanoparticlees in size of about 50 nm. It exhibits a strongest resonance scattering peak at 520 nm and a fluorescence peak at 470 nm for the nanoparticle system. A novel and sensitive resonance scattering spectral method has been proposed for the determination of trace amounts of BB in the range of 10 to 800 ng/ml, with detection limit of 3ng/ml BB. The method has been applied to the determination of trace berberine in real samples, with satisfactory results.

In pH 6.6 Na2HPO4- citric acid buffer solution and in the presence of KCl, the immunoreaction between hCG and nanosilver-labeled anti-hCG took place, the immunonanosilver-complex was formed and deposited, caused the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity at 510 nm decreased. In the optimal condition, the decreased RRS intensity responds linearly with the concentration of hCG over 0.125-1.75 µg/mL. Based on this, a new and simple RRS method has been proposed for the determination of hCG in serum samples, with satisfactory results.