In guinea pigs, spectrally spiked light and broad-spectrum light have similar effects on natural refractive development and negative lens compensation. As found in other species, effects of light intensity on refractive development were also observed in guinea pigs in both illuminants.

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In order to reduce the underwater electric field generated by corrosion of ship, a boundary element method (BEM) combined with nonlinear polarization curve was employed to investigate the influence of output current of compensate anode in an electric field protection system on underwater electric field. Moreover, the BEM model was verified by physical scale modeling (PSM). The distribution characteristic of electric field and the variation trend of electric field with compensate current obtained by simulation are consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the errors of peak-to-peak value of electric field obtained by experiment and simulation are within 20%. Compared with 0 mA compensation current, the peak-to-peak values of X component, Y component, Z component, and modulus are reduced by 52%, 70%, 72%, and 62% respectively when compensation current is 40 mA. The phenomenon of over-compensation will occur if compensation current is greater than 40 mA.

Synopsis: Both optimal stereoacuity and integration time to achieve that are impaired in patients with intermittent exotropia. The deterioration of stereoacuity is more revealing since it correlates well with exotropia control score.Background: Despite the periodic misalignment of two eyes, some intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients exhibit normal stereoacuity, particularly when evaluated with static tests. It is not clear if the temporal integration process of stereopsis is altered in IXT patients, thus warranting further research.Methods: IXT patients (n = 29) and age-matched normal controls (n = 36) were recruited. Static stereopsis was measured with the Titmus stereoacuity test. In computer-generated random dots tests, stereoacuity was measured with a stimuli presentation duration varying from 100 to 1,200 ms. And the relationship between stereoacuity and stimuli duration was fitted into a quadratic model. Optimal stereoacuity was achieved when fitted curve flattened and the critical integration time was the duration needed to achieve optimal stereoacuity.Results: IXT patients were not found to differ significantly from control subjects under the Titmus test, while the Random Dots stereotest showed significantly worse optimal stereoacuity and significantly longer critical integration time. Multiple regression analysis showed that age (R = −4.83; P = 0.04) had statistically significant negative correlation on the critical integration time, age (R = −6.45; P = 0.047) and exotropia control scores (R = 60.71; P = 0.007) had statistically significant effects on optimal stereoacuity. Conclusion:The temporal integration for stereopsis is impaired in IXT patients, requiring longer critical integration time to achieve elevated optimal stereoacuity.

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