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Epithelial monolayers play an important role in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development and wound healing. Epithelial monolayers become crowded during cell proliferation and growth, however, their mechanical properties entities remain obscure. This paper presents a novel and efficient method utilizing the structural stiffness matrix-based computational method (SMM) to investigate the mechanical characteristics of an epithelial monolayer as it undergoes varying degrees of crowding. Both D1-type extrusion, representing the extrusion of live cells, and D2-type extrusion, describing the extrusion of apoptotic cells, are examined. Our simulations reveal that the epithelial monolayer exhibits linear elastic behavior under slight crowding and nonlinear elastic behavior in response to overcrowding. These mechanical properties are significantly influenced by the strength of cellular cytoskeleton and the mode of cell extrusion. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the linear deformation of these monolayers is predominantly born by the variation in cell orientation, while the nonlinear deformation originates from the existence of the microtubules. This study further deepens our understanding of the relationship between the mechanical properties of cytoskeleton, individual cells and their monolayers, and may shed light on linking cell behavior to the patterning and morphogenesis of tissues.

To analysis the knowledge transformation process in university-industry cooperation by using SECI model, so as to realize that the operating mechanism of each main part in the university-industry cooperation is the cooperative process of multi-level knowledge acquisition, sharing and transformation and application cycle progression under the environment of government and market. Therefore, when building the basic framework of the university-industry cooperation platform, we need to consider not only the environmental impact, but the multi-level knowledge acquisition, sharing, transformation and application cycle progression, also focus on solving the problem of knowledge discovery and split knowledge transfer.