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An optimal sizing model of the battery energy storage system (BESS) for large-scale wind farm adapting to the scheduling plan is proposed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the variability and uncertainty of wind output, the cost of auxiliary services of systems that are eased by BESS is quantized and the constraints of BESS accounting for the effect of wind power on system dispatching are proposed. Aiming to maximum the benefits of wind-storage union system, an optimal capacity model considering BESS investment costs, wind curtailment saving, and auxiliary services compensation is established. What’s more, the effect of irregular charge/discharge process on the life cycle of BESS is considered into the optimal model by introducing an equivalent loss of the cycle life. Finally, based on the typical data of a systems, results show that auxiliary services compensation can encourage wind farm configuration BESS effectively. Various sensitivity analyses are performed to assess the effect of the auxiliary services compensation, on-grid price of wind power, investment cost of BESS, cycle life of BESS, and wind uncertainty reserve level of BESS on this optimal capacity.

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In the oxy-fuel combustion flue gas, a complex atmosphere of acid gases such as SO2, HCl, and NO generally exist at the same time. In this work, the effects of SO2, HCl, and NO on Hg removal of carbon-based material by NH4Br and HNO3 co-modification are investigated at the experimental level, and the effects of SO2 and NO on Hg removal are studied at the theoretical level. FTIR analysis shows that the co-modification can effectively introduce Br and N–H into the adsorbent. The introduction of HCl and NO can alleviate the inhibitory effect of SO2, which is due to the facilitated conversion of Hg0 to HgCl2 and HgO. XPS results show that the reason adsorbent co-modification with NH4Br and HNO3 possess sulfur resistance effect is that the modification promotes the generation of C–O* and C–Br functional groups and converts Hg0 into HgO and HgBr2, HgBr2 is further converted into HgSO4.The surface adsorption energy, electrostatic potential distribution, bond length variation, and Mulliken charge population transfers of modified char under different working conditions are calculated by DFT simulations. The results indicate that the order of the magnitude of the interaction between different substrates with Hg0 is C–SO2 < C–SO2–NO < C.