Aims To isolate and characterize the novel bioflocculant-producing bacteria, to optimize the bioflocculant production and evaluate its potential applications. Methods and Results Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NY1, a bacterium that produces a novel bioflocculant (MNXY1), was selected on the chemically defined media. It was classified according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, morphological and microscopic characteristics. MNXY1 was characterized to contain 26% protein and 66% total sugar. The constituent sugar monomers of MNXY1, revealed by NMR analysis, are glucose, galactose and quinovose. Favorable culture conditions for MNXY1 production were determined. Strain NY1 produces a high level (14.9 g l−1) of MNXY1. MNXY1 is thermostable and tolerant to the extreme pH. It precipitated 54% of cyanobacteria from laboratory culture and 72% of the total suspended solids from raw wastewater. Conclusions Strain NY1 was identified to produce a novel bioflocculant MNXY1. The outstanding performance of MNXY1 in practical applications and its availability in copious amounts make it attractive for further investigation and development for industrial scale applications.

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In this paper, we present a linear-logarithmic wide-dynamic-range complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) that uses a gate/body-tied (GBT) photodetector (PD) with an overlapping control gate. The amplifying photocurrent of the PD is 100-fold larger than that of a conventional n+/p-sub PD. Although the GBT PD with an overlapping control gate has high sensitivity, it is difficult to apply this PD to the structure of an APS owing to its very narrow dynamic range. Therefore, we proposed a novel APS using an output voltage feedback structure that makes it possible to extend the dynamic range to 101 dB while maintaining high sensitivity under low illumination (below 20 lx). The proposed APS was fabricated using a 0.35-μm, 2-poly 4-metal standard CMOS process, and its characteristics were evaluated.