A convenient
route to 3- and 5-ylidenebutenolides from readily
available cis-2-acylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates is
described. Upon exposure to TfOH, synergistic activation of the vicinal
acceptors in cis-2-acylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates
generates highly strained bicyclic oxocarbenium ion intermediates,
which undergo the ring-opening/aryl shift/deprotonation cascade process
to form the 3- or 5-ylidenebutenolides depending on the acyl group.
On the other hand, the corresponding trans isomers,
from which it is difficult to form such oxocarbenium ions, are inactive
under the same conditions.
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