A novel and ligand-free method was developed for the decarboxylative cross-coupling of alkynylcarboxylic acids with arylboronic acids. By using an environmentally friendly H2O–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) system as the reaction medium, a series of internal alkynes were synthesized in good yields and with remarkable selectivity. The Pd(OAc)2–H2O–PEG-400 catalytic system could be used for up to three cycles without any loss of activity, demonstrating the robustness of the approach.

Swertia cincta Burkill is widely distributed along the southwestern region of China. It is known as “Dida” in Tibetan and “Qingyedan” in Chinese medicine. It was used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis and other liver diseases. To understand how Swertia cincta Burkill extract (ESC) protects against acute liver failure (ALF), firstly, the active ingredients of ESC were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and further screening. Next, network pharmacology analyses were performed to identify the core targets of ESC against ALF and further determine the potential mechanisms. Finally, in vivo experiments as well as in vitro experiments were conducted for further validation. The results revealed that 72 potential targets of ESC were identified using target prediction. The core targets were ALB, ERBB2, AKT1, MMP9, EGFR, PTPRC, MTOR, ESR1, VEGFA, and HIF1A. Next, KEGG pathway analysis showed that EGFR and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways could have been involved in ESC against ALF. ESC exhibits hepatic protective functions via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, the EGFR-ERK, PI3K-AKT, and NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways could participate in the therapeutic effects of ESC on ALF.

Objective: To explore the acupoint selection compatibility according to different departments and to study the influence on ghrelin and GHSR expression in the gastric fundus in rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis (DGP). Methods: Sixty male SPF SD rats were given adaptive feeding for one week and were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, the Zusanli and Zhongwan (ZZ) group, the Zusanli and Neiguan group (ZN), as well as the Zusanli and non-meridian acupoint (ZNA) group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the other 48 rats were used to establish a DGP model by using streptozotocin. Acupuncture therapy was performed from the end of the tenth week for an additional four weeks. Then the rats were sacrificed and the serum and gastric fundus tissues were collected. ELISA assay was used to detect the ghrelin content in the serum. The expression of ghrelin positive cells in the gastric fundus tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in the gastric fundus tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Results: Compared with the blank group, the food intake and the expression of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in the gastric fundus tissue in the model group were significantly increased, while the small intestinal propulsion rate, the ghrelin content in the serum and the gray value of the gastric fundus were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in the gastric fundus tissue, the small intestinal propulsion rate, the ghrelin content in the serum and the gray value of the gastric fundus were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the ZZ group, the food intake were significantly increased in the ZN and the ZNA groups (P<0.05), and the expression of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in the gastric fundus tissue of rats were significantly increased (P<0.05) but the ghrelin content in the serum in ZN group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: The improvement of gastrointestinal motility in DGP by acupuncture therapy was associated with the ghrelin content in the serum and GHSR expression in the gastric fundus. The treatment effect of local acupoints compatibility was better than that of the distal acupoints compatibility, and the acupoint selection according to department was one of the main influencing factors of acupoints compatibility.

Based on the 3D TACD simulation, by building and simulating 90nm dual-well CMOS device under heavy ion radiation with different distance between strike position and the drain, researching the influence to NMOS, PMOS, SRAM threshold LET and the critical charge. For NMOS, with the increase of the distance, bipolar amplification effect will reduce influence even make no difference. The situation in PMOS is as same as the condition of a directly strike on drain, and the bipolar amplification effect increases the charge collection efficiency. Meanwhile, as the distance increases, the threshold LET and the critical charge of SRAM while increase.