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This study presents a novel multifunctional probe Gd-EB-ICG based on albumin-binding for synergistic enhancement of fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Gd-EB-ICG exhibits superior fluorescence intensity, longitudinal relaxivity, and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Gd-EB-ICG exhibits excellent tumor aggregation, imaging, and killing effects. This simple and feasible strategy successfully resulted in a synergistic effect for FL/MR dual-modal imaging and photothermal therapy.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of ureteral stenosis after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. Methods The clinical data of 427 patients treated with ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were selected, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether the patients had ureteral stenosis after operation. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors for postoperative ureteral stenosis, and R software and regression coefficients were used to construct a predictive model. Results After a one-year follow-up of 427 patients, 28 patients (6.56%) developed ureteral stenosis; univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of ureteral stenosis after subureteral holmium laser lithotripsy was related to stone diameter, stone incarceration,degree of hydronephrosis, holmium laser injury of mucosa, and operation time (P<0.05); further Logistic regression analysis showed that long stone diameter, stone incarceration, and moderate to severe hydronephrosis were independent risk factors for ureteral stricture after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (P<0.05); the H-L deviation degree and the area under the ROC curve were used to test, and the results showed that the model had high accuracy and discrimination. Conclusion Stone diameter, stone incarceration, and degree of hydronephrosis were independent risk factors that affect the occurrence of ureteral stricture after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. The nomogram model established by this result has high accuracy and discrimination. It can effectively identify high-risk groups to prevent ureteral stenosis in time and minimize the risk of ureteral stenosis after surgery.