With the development of the process of regional integration, the manufacturing industry is also changing. This has attracted more attention. However, in the background of regional integration, there are relatively few empirical studies investigating the degree of manufacturing agglomeration. This paper selects nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China from 2007 to 2017 as our sample. We use the Difference GMM Model to explore the impact of government support and labor concentration on manufacturing agglomeration. The measurement results show that both government support and labor concentration have a positive correlation with the degree of manufacturing agglomeration. Government support and labor concentration have different significance levels and coefficients for manufacturing agglomeration. In order to promote the increase in the agglomeration of the urban manufacturing industry, the increase in labor concentration will be more effective than government support.

Pyruvic acid is an important organic acid and a key industrial raw material. It is widely used in the chemical, agricultural, and food fields. Candida glabrata is the preferred strain for pyruvic acid production. The waste yeast cell for pyruvic acid fermentation with C. glabrata are rich in protein, amino acid, nucleic acid, and vitamins, as potential and cost-effective nitrogen source raw material. In this study, the potential of C. glabrata to produce pyruvic acid using spent yeast cell dry powder was evaluated. When 30 g/L of spray-dried spent yeast cell powder was used as the seed nitrogen source, a high titer of pyruvic acid was obtained. The pyruvic acid production reached 63.4 g/L with a yield of 0.59 g/g in a 5 L bioreactor. After scale-up to a 50 L bioreactor using the fermented spent yeast cell dry powder as a seed nitrogen source, 65.1 g/L of pyruvic acid was harvested, with a yield of 0.61 g/g. This study proposes a promisingapproach for increasing the pyruvic acid titer and reducing the costs. Graphical Abstract

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