Because of characteristics of large density, high viscosity and poor mobility, the processing and transportation of residual oil are difficult and challenging, viscosity reduction of residual oil is of great significance. In this paper, the effects of different placement forms of ultrasonic transducers on the sound pressure distribution of ultrasonic inside a cubic container have been simulated, the characteristics of oil bath heating and ultrasonic viscosity reduction were compared, viscosity reduction rule of residual oil was experimentally analyzed by utilizing Response Surface Method under conditions of changing ultrasonic exposure time, power and action mode, the mechanism of viscosity reduction was studied by applying Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the viscosity retentivity experiment was carried out at last. Experiments were conducted using two kinds of residual oil, and results show that ultrasonic effect on the viscosity reduction of residual oil is significant, the higher viscosity of residual oil, the better effect of ultrasonic, ultrasonic power and exposure time are the significant factors affecting the viscosity reduction rate of residual oil. The maximum viscosity reduction rate is obtained under condition of ultrasonic power is 900W, exposure time is 14min and action mode of exposure time is 2s and interrupting time is 2s, viscosity reduction rate reaching up to 63.95%. The infrared spectroscopy results show that light component in residual oil increased. The viscosity retentivity experiment results show that the viscosity reduction effect remains very well. This paper can provide data reference for the application of ultrasonic in the field of viscosity reduction for residual oil.

Polycrystalline nanotubular Bi2Te3 and PbTe synthesized by the Kirkendall effect showed great decrease in thermal conductivities.

Platinum nanocrystals with high growth rate along 〈100〉 to 〈111〉 are obtained under a high reduction rate and exhibit enhanced electro-activity in MOR.

Mesoporous lanthanum phosphate nanostructures, involving diverse shaped LaPO 4 nanostructures synthesized in EG solution and dandelion-like LaPO 4 $0.5H 2 O nanospheres obtained in aqueous solution, have different surface areas and pore volumes for various nanostructures. Lanthanum phosphate containing H 3 PO 4 were prepared by impregnating as-obtained lanthanum phosphate nanostructures in phosphoric acid solution, which showed different proton conductivities for diverse morphologies of lanthanum phosphate and different contents of H 3 PO 4 . Among them, sphere-shaped LaPO 4nanostructures containing 5 wt% H 3 PO 4 (s-LaPO 4 -5 wt% PA) showed promising proton conductivity of around 10 À2 S cm À1 at 120-180 C and 20% RH. Moreover, the pellet pressed by s-LaPO 4 -5 wt% PA powder could act as the electrolyte of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and exhibit higher performance (maximum power density of 84.0 mW cm À2 ) than Nafion 115 membrane at 180 C and under 20% RH. In addition, the stability of the MEA electrolyte and the duration of a single cell based on s-LaPO 4 -5 wt% PA were also tested.