Yellow Stone National Park (YNP), USA, is well-known as its glorious travertine geomorphology as well as Huanglong National Scenic District in Sichuan, China. But there were some difference between them. The travertine deposition of YNP were formed from geothermal activity, meanwhile Huanglong Scenic District is located in high attitude and cold area and the travertine deposition appeared in the cold water. With the increasing attention to global carbon cycle, origin of life and the life action in the extreme environment, the geothermal travertine formation origin and mechanism were focused by the scientists from different field. The research plan was also a part of “the Mars project”. The reason was that the Mars’s surface environment is similar to that of the ancient Earth. This article reviewed the research results of the microbiology diversity, community structure and distribution, function gene and special microbial carbon metabolism passway in the hot spring of YNP. We also summarized the biological factor in the process of the travertine deposition of YNP. After comparing the research progress on the travertine deposition between YNP and Huanglong Scenic District, we put foreword the further strategy to understand the biological effect on the travertine deposition of Huanglong Scenic District.

PM2.5 (sandstorm-related) was sampled at four sites near dust source areas in Northern China in spring 2012. Every site was away from obvious pollution source. After drying 24 hours in a dry dish, X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of all the samples were examined. The main phases were quartz, albite, calcite and mica. SEM observations showed that the particles were mainly irregular shaped, but different sample the particle morphology is slightly different. And the surface was rough because of erosion mark or pores on them. The chemical composition of PM2.5 is characteristic of high SiO2 and CaO, while low K2O, Na2O. Main elements of the samples were Si, Al, Fe, Ca, which were familiar with crust elements and dust fall components [, but some samples also contained low-level heavy metals like As and Pb.

Methods of automatic hydrochemical logging and in situ titrating combined with indoor analysis were used to study the dynamic variation of the physical chemistry in Huanglong Scenic. The water quantity, pH, conductivity, DO, temperature, bacterial quantity (CFU/mL) of different springs were analysis. It was found that the spring 2#、5# and 6# were the major source of spring water in Huanglong scenic and the water flow of decreased spring was changed with the change of the rise spring in the same time. HCO3- concentration of the rising spring water was around 900ppm, while that of the decreasing spring water approximately 350ppm.

In this paper, mineral phase, elemental composition and size distribution were analysed by means of XRD, XRF and laser particle size analyzer respectively. According to the results of XRD, quartz, illite, calcite and albite were all found in three samples; Dolomite was found only in dustfall; Clinochlore was existed in both PM2.5 and soil. From the results of XRF, elemental compositon of three samples were focused on elemental Na, Si, Al, S, Ca, Fe, Mg, K. Based on the grain size analysis, the size distribution of dustfall mainly ranges from 1µm to 40µm.

PM2.5 samples were collected by Desktop Aerosol Monitor Models 8530 and recorded the meteorological conditions in study site of Yinchuan City simultaneously. The daily averages of PM2.5 mass concentration varied from 0.134 to 0.222mg m3. The result shows that there are two apparent peaks of PM2.5 concentration in one day. Normally,PM2.5 mass concentration and temperature have some negative correlation. Their morphologies were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles were classified into four groups based on morphology. They were fly ash, mineral matter, irregular shaped mineral particle aggregation and other types. Fly ash and mineral matter were the two dominant types and fly ash is identified as originating from coal combustion or metallurgical plants, mineral matter from natural sources such as soil dust, resuspension of dust from roads.