Purpose: This study aims to investigate the incidence and the relative risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and posterior-ROP (P-ROP): ROP in Zone I and posterior Zone II, as well as to analyze the occurrence of surgical treatment of ROP and to evaluate the short term outcome of the disease . Methods: It is a prospective observational study; all infants with a birth weight (BW)  ≤ 750 g and/or a gestational age (GA) ≤27 weeks born between January 1st 2010 and 18 January 2014 in neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Results: 71 infants were examined: 49 (62.01%) developed ROP and 22 (30.99%) P-ROP. Following the multivariate analysis erythropoietin-therapy (p  < 0.0001) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p  = 0.003) were significantly associated with ROP while gestational age ≤24 weeks (p  = 0.011) and sepsis (p  = 0.002) were associated with the onset of P-ROP. A favorable outcome was reported in 59 (83.09%) newborns affected by ROP. Adverse outcome occurred in 12 patients. Conclusions: P-ROP is the most aggressive type of ROP. It associates with lower GA and sepsis. Obstetricians and Neonatologists must focus on the reduction of severe preterm births

Objective: Pregnancy results in a lot of hormonal changes in the body and the eyes are no exception. These ocular changes could be physiologic, pathologic or a modification of a pre-existing condition. The aim of this study was to determine physiologic ocular changes that are associated with pregnancy in healthy women. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 women were followed longitudinally through out the course of their pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. The women were recruited at 8 weeks of pregnancy at the anti-natal clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoorah Teaching Hospital,Lahore. The women were aged between 20 and 35 years. Tests carried out included visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, and tonometry. The tests were carried out in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: There was a fall in intraocular pressure across the trimesters and this was very significant (P<0.0001). Postpartum, the intraocular pressure began to rise. The difference between the third trimester and post-partum values was also statistically significant (P< 0.0001). The difference in visual acuity through out the pregnancy was not significant (P= 0.8477). Although, there was a fall in refractive error across the different trimesters, it was not statistically significant (P=0.3). There was also no difference in the third trimester and the 6 weeks postpartum values of both visual acuity and refractive error. Conclusion: Ocular changes associated with pregnancy are transient and most tend to resolve postpartum, with values returning to near pre-pregnant state.