Numerous studies have revealed that the gut microbiota serves an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to investigate the populations present in the gut microbiota in patients with CRC of different stages and at different sites. Fecal samples were obtained from 67 CRC patients and 30 healthy controls, which were analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Increased diversity of the fecal gut microbiota in patients with CRC was reported compared with the healthy controls. In the present study, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Collinsella and Peptostreptococcus in the gut microbiota of CRC patients were substantially increased compared with healthy controls, while the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was significantly lower. In addition, differences in the fecal gut microbiota were also compared between patients with stage I–IV CRC and healthy controls. The results revealed that the abundances of the genera Peptostreptococcus, Collinsella and Ruminococcus were significantly increased in patients with CRC stage I compared with the healthy controls, while Alistipes was enriched in patients with stage III CRC compared with patients with stage IV. Furthermore, the present study reported that the genera Veillonella and Coprobacter were more abundant in the proximal segments than in the distal segments of the colon. In conclusion, despite the low number of samples employed in the present study, a signature of genera indicating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of patients with stage I–IV CRC patients was proposed, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the progression of CRC. These findings are also valuable for developing novel fecal diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CRC.

Background: Good hand hygiene is the most effective basic measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections. This research project, which originated from a project report on improving hand hygiene at a general hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hand hygiene improvement among the hospital staff.Methods: Since 2017, a hand hygiene improvement project involving the staff of a 2,500-bed general teaching hospital in Zhejiang, China, has been carried out. This study summarized the implementation and effectiveness of the project, which is based on the five factors of systematic evaluation. The research

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