OBJECTIVE: The aim and objective of this study was to assess if gingival crevicular blood could be utilized for blood glucose evaluation in patients with periodontitis and to check the reliability of this screening method. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at the department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The sample size involved 348 participants with chronic periodontitis. The gingival crevicular blood produced during periodontal probing was collected on a glucometer strip to assess random glucose levels. Glycemic levels were also checked by finger capillary blood via a glucometer. Intravenous blood glycated hemoglobin A1c test was performed in patients found with blood glucose levels in pre-diabetic or diabetic range. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation (0.987, p< 0.001) between gingival crevicular blood and finger capillary blood glucose values and good correlation (0.709, p<0.001) between gingival crevicular bloodglucose and glycated Hemoglobin A1c levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity of GCB glucose screening at the cut-off value of 168mg/dl. Gingival crevicular blood glucose showed significant regression with Finger capillary bloodglucose (R=0.987, R2=0.974, p<0.001) andglycated hemoglobin A1clevels (R=0.709, R2=0.502, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From this study we conclude that gingival crevicular blood can be relied upon for screening of blood glucose levels in periodontitis patients presenting with bleeding on probing. KEYWORDS: Blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Gingival Crevicular blood,Inflammation, Periodontitis. HOW TO CITE: Saeed Q, Memon S, Hosein M. Gingival crevicular blood glucose evoluation in patients with periodontitis: Evolution of a new screening technique. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):193-198.

Objective: To evaluate the association of tooth mobility with blood glucose levels and control in patients with periodontitisMethodology: The study was conducted at the department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study design was cross-sectional. The duration of this study was of 6 months, between December 2018 and May 2019. The study population involved 348 patients with chronic periodontitis. After recording demographic details and dental charting, tooth mobility scores were correlated with gingival crevicular blood glucose, finger capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression was applied to assess the inter-relation between variables.Results: The mean age of individuals who participated in this study was 43+/-10.4 years. The average number of teeth present in patients with glucose levels <180mg/dl was 25.5+/-2.5 compared to 23.2+/-2.9 in individuals with glucose values of >200mg/dl. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.658) was seen between gingival crevicular blood glucose levels and tooth mobility. Finger capillary blood glucose levels also showed good correlation (R=0.653) with tooth mobility scores. HbA1c scores showed a strong positive correlation(R=0.733). Linear regression confirmed increased HbA1c as a risk factor for tooth mobility (R2=0.524, p value= 0.000).Conclusion: Tooth mobility and glycaemic levels are strongly interrelated. This study provides evidence that poor glycaemic control may contribute to the etiology of tooth mobility in patients with periodontitis. Continuous...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess relationship between the clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular blood glucose levels and to determine the relation of severity of periodontitis with glycemic levels. METHODOLOGY: A total number of 348 patients with chronic periodontitis participated in this cross-sectional study. After recording the number of teeth and plaque percentage, the participants were assessed for severity of periodontitis according to clinical periodontal parameters of periodontal pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and gingival bleeding. Gingival crevicular blood glucose was assessed via glucometers and random blood glucose levels were recorded for each patient. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. The correlation between periodontal parameters and glycemic levels was assessed via Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the association of glycemic levels with periodontal parameters. Analysis of variance was used to compare the glycemic levels in patients with mild, moderate and advance periodontitis. RESULTS: Age, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss showed significant positive correlation while number of teeth showed significant negative association with crevicular blood glucose levels. Multiple regression analysis indicated that crevicular blood glucose has significant linear association with bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss. Gingival crevicular blood glucose levels were found to be increasing with severity of periodontitis. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in mean glucose levels between mild, moderate and advanced periodontitis groups. CONCLUSION: Clinical periodontal parameters and severity of periodontitis are strongly associated with increasing gingival crevicular blood glucose levels. KEYWORDS: Blood glucose, inflammation, gingival bleeding, periodontitis HOW TO CITE: Saeed Q, Memon S, Hosein M, Ikram S. Clinical correlation of periodontal disease parameters with crevicular blood glucose levels. J Pak Dent Assoc 2021;30(1):12-17.

Introduction: Back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder of world, the most frequent back pain is known as non -specific back pain. Majority of back pain does not require medical care and resolve itself within days and weeks but some recurrent and severe non-specific back pain need management and cure. The selection of intervention depends upon the cause of back pain. The study identified the association of physical and psychosocial factors and investigated the most frequent causative factor of non -specific back pain in female patients of AFIRM. Materials and Methods:The cross sectional study was conducted in AFIRM. The Keele Start Back pain screening tool was used to collect data from female patients with non-specific back pain, who came in physiotherapy department of AFIRM .The tool provided the brief demographic data of subjects and described the disability and belief about their back pain. The tool is also divided the patients in to sub groups according to the level of risk.Our study identified that there is a high prevalence of psychosocial factor than physical factor in female patients with non-specific back pain of AFIRM and the large number of patients are at high risk than moderate and low risk. Conclusion:The research will help to clinician, to select appropriate and accurate for cure and management of back pain it will also help to prevent back pain.There is a need to conduct study in both genders and in other centers of region. The sample size should be large and study time should be long. There is also need to further identify particular physical and psychosocial factor like anxiety, depression etc KEY WORDS: Back pain, physical factors and psychosocial factors.