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15Liquid seaweed fertilizer gaining interest due to their use in crop productivity. The present 16 study was designed to evaluate the impact of Methylobacterium oryzae amended liquid 17 seaweed fertilizer on domestic plants like chilly and tomato. The Sargassum wightii 18 methanolic extract was maximum (137 mg/g) among other solvent tested. Extract showed 19 0.456mg/mL, 1.587 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/g, 5.27 mg/g, 0.63 mg/mL, 0.98 mg/mL, 0.285 g/mL 20 and 0.546 µg/mL of total phenolic, total flavonoids, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total 21 protein, total carbohydrates, total lipids and total aminoacids respectively. The maximum 22 survival of Methylobacterium oryzae was observed at 40 % of Sargassum wightii SLF extract 23 with 3% Methylobacterium oryzae culture concentration and has viability of 750 × 10 6 CFU/l 24 after 6 months. Impact of foliar sprayed liquid fertilizer on the chlorophyll, internode and 25 shoot length had been promising over seed soaked. 26 Key words: Sargassum Sp.; Seaweed liquid fertilizer; Methylobacterium oryzae; 27 supplementation; pot study; chilly and tomato. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Due to population rise and to fulfill the food demand, in order to meet the increasing 41 demand chemical fertilizers are used (Parr et al. 1994). The application of chemical fertilizers 42 leads to soil pollution and health hazards to the living organisms. Chemical fertilizers are 43 quite expensive and this leads to the rise in cost of production. To meet the increasing 44 demand many viable options are available, among this one of such options is seaweed as a 45 fertilizer. The use of seaweed as manure in farming practice is very ancient and was prevalent 46 among the Romans (Galbiattia et al. 2007). The use of seaweeds as bio-fertilizers in 47 horticulture and agriculture has increased in the recent years (Hong et al. 2007). Seaweed 48 liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Sargassum species contains macronutrients, trace elements, organic 49 substance like amino acids and plant growth regulators. 50 For sustainable crop production, plant growth promoting symbiotic and non-symbiotic 51 free-living bacteria are employed as external source of nitrogen (Lugtenberg et al 2009). 52 Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120, a plant growth promoting (PGP) root and shoot 53 colonizer has been used widely (Kennedy et al. 2004). Many research studies have shown 54 the beneficial effect of seaweeds extracts in stimulating growth of plants (Blunden et al. 55 1993)as it possesses plant nutrients and hormones such as auxins and gibberellins (Wu et al. 56 1997).Several research reports are available on the beneficial effects of seaweed extractsas 57 natural regulators and osmoregulants (Featonby-Smith and VanStaden 1983). 58 Methylobacterium sp. is known for their eco-friendly ability to support plant growth. They 59 can able to grow on a wide range of multi-carbon substrate such as methanol, formate, and 60 formaldehyde to produce plant growth promoting metabolites (Holland 1997).61 Methylobacterium sp. have the pote...

32Ellagic acid was considered as the potential bioactive compound with many 33 therapeutical applications. Bioconversion of tannin present in the mango pulp processing 34 waste in to ellagic acid using fungi would be better alternate than the chemical as well as 35 extraction from plant sources. A total of three different fungi were isolated from the soil 36 sample and it was confirmed as Aspergillus niger. Further, the isolated strains of A. niger 37 were identified to produce ellagic acid from ellagitannin of mango waste. Quantification of 38 the ellagic acid production was carried out by solid-state fermentation using 3% of mango 39 waste as substrate. Ellagic acid enzyme activity was calculated and found to be 17.6 U ml −1 . 40 The ellagic acid production was optimized to fix the various factors, that is, pH and 41 temperature, nitrogen and carbon source. The maximum production (200 µg/g) of ellagic acid 42 was achieved at pH 5.5, temperature 30 C, Ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, 0.2% of 43 NaCl and carbon source (0.2% of sugar) with 3% of mango pulp waste. Ellagic acid produced 44 was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and by FT-IR analysis. 45 fermentation 47 48 49 50 Introduction 51Natural products are used widely to cure many human diseases. Ellagic acid (EA) is a 52 phenolic compound with potent anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, 53 anti-parasitic, anti-diabetics, anti-steatosic, anti-cholestic, anti-fibrogenic and anti-54 hepatocarcinogenic properties [1,8]. However, ellagitannins inhibit the growth of a number of 55 bacterial species and resist microbial attack. But certain moulds, such as Aspergillus sp., 56Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Neurospora sp., are 57 able to hydrolyse tannin with the help of tannases [9]. Hydrolyse volania tannin to ellagic 58 acid have been demonstrated with Aspergillus niger grown on waste husk [10]. 59The efficiency of EA as antioxidant compounds greatly depends on their chemical 60 structure and several hydroxyl groups of ellagic acid found to enhance their activity [11]. The 61 anti-oxidant efficiency of EA is also depending on their degree of hydroxylation. Ellagic acid 62 is a dilactone formed by the hydrolysable of hexahydroxydiphenic acid. EA is found in 63 several plants, such as oak tree, eucalyptus, pomegranate, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, 64 blackberry, cranberry, gooseberry, grape, pecan, walnut, valonea and creosote bush at 65 varying concentration [12]. These ellagic acids are being extracted from ellagitannin-rich 66 plant sources using strong alkali and acids (H2SO4 or HCl) [13, 14]. It also involves treatment 67 with higher concentrations of alkali or acid that leads to corrosion or damage of the process 68 vessels and subsequently needs more safety precaution. Major disadvantage is the unforeseen 69 toxic or hazardous with chemically produced [15]. 70Biotransformation of ellagitannin to ellagic acid is known for decades and found 71 economic. Biosynthesis of el...

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid necessary for brain development in both infants and adults. However, the role of gut microbiome and their metabolites produced from DHA remain unclear. In present study, the bacterial isolates Lactobacillus spp. Clostridium spp. Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. were used to convert the metabolites from DHA with SM medium supplemented with 200mg of DHA as substrate. The metabolites were extracted after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of these metabolites confirmed their effectiveness against clinical pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus.

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