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From the work of Delinger (1939), we began to understand that complex behavior of ionospheric currents and electric fields during quiet and magnetically active periods are partly affected by thermospheric neutral parameters such as wind velocity, density, and temperature. The coupling of these modulated ionospheric currents and electric fields due to some of these thermospheric neutral parameters with the F-region and its top side can degrade navigation systems and attenuate radio signals (Panda et al., 2018; Wernik et al., 2004; Yoon et al., 2014). In order to give reasonable description of these thermospheric-ionospheric dynamics, and proffer solutions to many of these adverse effects of ionospheric irregularities/scintillations and modulated latitudinal distribution of low latitude plasma after fountain effect on our ground-based and space-based assets, two very important thermospheric neutral parameters; neutral wind and temperature from the Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPI) have being extensively investigated. Such comprehensive details with regards to FPI neutral wind and temperature profiles can be found in the works of

An investigation on the diurnal and seasonal variability of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over Nigeria is carried out in this study using Global Positioning System (GPS) observable. Nigeria coordinates fall within the trough of equatorial ionization anomaly region of African sector. The TEC data used were obtained from the ground-based GPS receiver stations of the Nigerian GNSS network of stations (NIGNET). The stations with their respective geomagnetic latitudes are Abuja (−1.64º), Yola (−1.32º), Zaria (−0.13º) and Kebbi (0.72º). The results of the diurnal analysis of the relative variability index (VD) revealed higher nighttime values than daytime values. The diurnal variation of VD also showed two conspicuous peaks: the post-midnight and the post-sunset. The diurnal-seasonal variation does not reveal any consistent pattern (no particular season leads the others throughout). On the average, considering all the seasons together maximum TEC variability occurred in Zaria (62%) and least in Yola (54%). Seasonally, maximum VD was recorded during March equinox and the least was recorded during December equinox.

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