Drill pipe capable of transmitting high-bandwidth data from downhole sensors and surface control signals back to those sensors has been developed and successfully tested. The system incorporates a high-speed data cable that runs the length of each joint and downhole tool. The cable terminates at induction coils that are installed in protecting grooves machined in the secondary torque shoulders of doubleshoulder tool joints at each end of the pipe. The coils are recessed in ferrite troughs that focus the magnetic field. The system is virtually transparent to standard rig procedures and offers robust, reliable operation.The paper provides background data on prior work relating to telemetry drill pipe and contrasts the results of these efforts with the new system. The new system has successfully demonstrated data transmission rates of up to 2,000,000 bits/sec. Current mud pulse telemetry is limited to 8 to 10 bits/sec. Electromagnetic technology provides data rates of up to 100 bits/sec, but suffers from hole depth and formation related electric impedance limitations. Full realization of system benefits requires further development of additional drill stem components with highspeed telemetry capabilities including HWDP, collars, jars and top drive subs. A top drive sub that incorporates the telemetry design has been successfully manufactured and tested and is described in the paper. Development efforts relating to other drill stem components are also detailed. The system has been tested in a laboratory environment and in test wells. Results of these tests along with plans for field-testing in actual drilling environments are presented.Telemetry drill pipe can improve well and field productivity by providing more complete, real-time logging information and reduce drilling time and costs and enhance well control by providing real-time downhole drilling data and early kick detection.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractWith water depths increasing to over 10,000 feet, offshore well depths exceeding 34,000 feet and extended reach targets pushing out over 35,000 feet; operators are deepening the setting depths of larger diameter and heavier casing strings. These offshore designs require landing strings with hoisting capacity approaching 2-million pounds. These requirements have exceeded the limits of previous tubular manufacturing and handling capabilities. This paper documents the design, development, manufacture and deployment of a 2-million pound landing string system to meet these requirements. The system incorporates three components: pipe, elevators and slips. The 6 5/8-inch, heavy wall, 150-ksi yield strength pipe incorporates an innovative thick-walled section in the slip contact area for resistance to slip crushing loads and a uniquely designed dual-diameter tool joint to increase elevator capacity. Slips were specially engineered to equalize radial and axial loads, increase the slip-to-pipe contact area, and optimize the contact angle to minimize the crushing loads on the pipe body. Combined with 1,000-ton elevators, the system utilizes conventional rig-up and operating procedures. The design criteria developed for landing string applications and the solutions to the unique manufacturing challenges associated with the heavy wall, high strength pipe are presented. In addition, laboratory and case studies are presented for landing operations, some with axial tension loads approaching 1.75-million pounds.SI to Metric Conversion feet ('): ft. = 3.048 E -01 m inches ("): in. = 2.54 E 00 cm 1,000-pounds per square inch: ksi = 6.894757 E 03 kPa pounds: lb. = 4.448222 E 00 N pounds per foot: ppf = 1.4594 E 01 N/m pounds per square inch: psi = 6.894757 E 00 kPa
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis paper discusses the modeling and analysis of 5, 5-1/2, 5-7/8 and 6-5/8 in. titanium drill pipe in ultra-deep and deep directional drilling programs. Using a computer based drill string simulator, modeling a representative deep directional well, titanium drill strings were compared to the same size steel drill strings using two design criteria: margin of overpull and hydraulic efficiency.
Summary Drilling ultradeep (UD) wells places significant requirements on the drillstring. Lengthy drillstrings lead to high tensile loads, which can lead to slip crushing of the drillstring; hoisting capacity issues; and drillpipe collapse capacity concerns at the blowout preventer (BOP). BOP shear rams may also have difficulty shearing today's high-strength, high-toughness drillpipe. Bottomhole assembly (BHA) connection failures pose greater risk and cost at UD well depths. This paper analyzes the many challenges associated with drillstring designs specifically for UD drilling (UDD). It presents emerging drillstring technologies that are solutions expected to increase depth capability for the industry's continued advancement of deep-drilling operations. Trend of Deep Total Vertical Depth (TVD) Drilling Deep-drilling trends in the United States and throughout the world are increasing. Since 1995, the number of US wells drilled greater than a TVD of 15,000 ft has more than doubled (see Fig. 1). The number of annual, active U.S. rigs drilling greater than 15,000 ft TVD has nearly tripled (see Fig. 2) (Spears & Associates 2006). The number of high-pressure/ high-temperature (HP/HT) completions in the U.S. has nearly tripled since 2000 (Mayerhofer et al. 2005). US gas production from "deep" formations is also expected to double from 7% in 1999 to 14% by 2010 (Schlumberger Data 2005). During late 2005, the Knotty Head well in Green Canyon Block 512 was drilled to a total depth (TD) of 34,189 ft, the Gulf of Mexico's (GOM) deepest well ever drilled (Discoverer Spirit). The 14 3/4-in.-hole section was drilled to 24,085 ft, and more than 4 million ft or approximately 775 miles (1,250 km) of drillpipe was tripped throughout the course of the well. The previous record well in the GOM was drilled earlier in the year to a TD of 32,727 ft (Discoverer Spirit 2005). Many rig contractors are presently upgrading or building new jackup, semisubmersible, and dynamically-positioned drillship rigs capable of drilling to 35,000 ft (TD). One rig contractor recently contracted the manufacture of a USD 650 million dynamically-positioned drillship capable of drilling in 12,000 ft of water to well depths of 40,000 ft (Transocean 2006). Wells to these depths will require substantial investment and the advancement of facilitating technologies for UDD.
A new drill pipe size, 5-7/8 in. OD, represents enabling technology for Extended Reach Drilling (ERD), deepwater and other deep well applications. Most world-class ERD and deepwater wells have traditionally been drilled with 5-1/2 in. drill pipe or a combination of 6-5/8 in. and 5-1/2 in. drill pipe. The hydraulic performance of 5-1/2 in. drill pipe can be a major limitation in substantial ERD and deepwater wells resulting in poor cuttings removal, slower penetration rates, diminished control over well trajectory and more tendency for drill pipe sticking. Hydraulic pressure losses are minimized with 6-5/8 in. drill pipe, but 6-5/8 in. drill pipe is an "over-design" solution in many cases. The 6-5/8 in. drill pipe is difficult to handle, requires excessive physical space on the rig, can limit setback capacity and generally requires significant rig handling equipment modifications. In addition, 6-5/8 in. drill pipe cannot be used to drill inside of 9-5/8 in. casing and 8-1/2 in. hole sections. The 5-7/8 in. drill pipe provides a significant improvement in hydraulic efficiency compared to 5-1/2 in. drill pipe and does not suffer from the disadvantages associated with use of 6-5/8 in. drill pipe. It represents a drill pipe assembly that is optimized dimensionally and on a performance basis for casing and bit programs that are commonly used for ERD, deepwater and ultra-deep wells. Realizing the full potential of 5-7/8 in. drill pipe requires a high performance tool joint connection. A second-generation double-shoulder tool joint connection, optimized for 5-7/8 in. drill pipe, provides exceptional torsional strength combined with a streamline configuration. Configured with a 7 in. OD tool joint the connection permits fishing inside of 9-5/8 in. casing or 8-1/2 in. open hole sections. The first string of 5-7/8 in. drill pipe went to work on a Gulf of Mexico project in July 1999. Since that time more than 830,000 ft of 5-7/8 in. drill pipe comprising over 40 drill strings has been manufactured and put into the field. The drill pipe has been successfully used to drill ERD, deepwater and ultra deep HPHT wells in the South China Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Offshore Trinidad, Onshore Wyoming and Onshore Colombia. The 5-7/8 in. drill pipe has improved penetration rates with large diameter bits and significantly shortened drilling curves to total depth in established fields. Drilling engineers are currently evaluating 5-7/8 in. drill pipe for use on major ERD, deep directional and deepwater projects in various parts of the world. The paper discusses the engineering philosophy behind 5-7/8 in. Extreme Reach (XR) drill pipe, the design challenges associated with development of the product and reviews the features and capabilities of the second-generation double-shoulder connection. The paper provides drilling case history information on significant projects where the pipe has been used and details results achieved with the pipe.
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