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This prospective study examined how differences in coping style, coping self-efficacy, and metacognitive awareness influence coping behavior and performance during a realistic acute stressful exercise in 2 military samples (n ϭ 122 and n ϭ 132). Results showed that coping self-efficacy and coping style affected coping behavior, and that, in turn, coping behavior affected performance. The findings of a post hoc analysis suggested that metacognitive awareness had an indirect relationship with coping behavior, through task-focused coping style and coping self-efficacy, instead of a predicted direct relationship. Together, these results indicate that coping style and coping self-efficacy are important predictors of performance under acute stress, and that this effect is mediated by coping behavior.

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To-date, there has been no international review of mental health resilience training during Basic Training nor an assessment of what service members perceive as useful from their perspective. In response to this knowledge gap, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Human Factors & Medicine Research & Technology Task Group "Mental Health Training" initiated a survey and interview with seven to twenty recruits from nine nations to inform the development of such training (N = 121). All nations provided data from soldiers joining the military as volunteers, whereas two nations also provided data from conscripts. Results from the volunteer data showed relatively consistent ranking in terms of perceived demands, coping strategies, and preferences for resilience skill training across the nations. Analysis of data from conscripts identified a select number of differences compared to volunteers. Subjects also provided examples of coping with stress during Basic Training that can be used in future training; themes are presented here. Results are designed to show the kinds of demands facing new recruits and coping methods used to overcome these demands to develop relevant resilience training for NATO nations.