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Winter annual legumes have low fall and early winter forage yields in California's Mediterranean‐type climate. A 2‐year field study was conducted to determine the effects of late summer irrigation on seedling development, forage yield potential, and management problems of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.), and bur clover (Medicago polymorpha Gaertn). A mixture of three annual grasses, slender wild oats (Avena barbata Pott. ex Link), ‘Blando’ brome (Bromus mollis L.), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and a natural stand of indigenous species were included in the study for comparison. By irrigation prior to fall rains, we subjected six successive seedings, 2 weeks apart, to higher temperatures and longer fall‐growth periods than usual. Rates of morphological development of subclover and rose clover were measured until the seven‐leaf stage. In the 1972‐73 season, rose clover showed the largest differences in growth rates between planting dates. Rose clover from the 23 October planting required 90 more days to reach the seven‐leaf stage than when planted 29 September. Early‐flowering subclover from the 23 October planting grew more rapidly than did mid‐flowering subclover and rose clover. In the 1973‐74 season, late‐flowering sub‐clover had the fastest growth rate following 7 August irrigation; there were no differences between clovers following 20 September irrigation. Forage yields for August and September plantings were similar but were greater than those from the October planting. Plants irrigated in August were subjected to daylengths which promoted fall flowering. Summer insect problems, primarily with beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), were associated with August plantings. Subterranean clover produced more dry matter and had fewer problems than did the other legumes tested.

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Three groups of pregnant beef cowsgrazing dry native annual range were either supplemented with pelleted cottonseed meal (0.90 kg/head daily), a pelleted mixture of 75% feedlot manure-25% barley (ad lib.), or received no supplementation for a period of 84 days. Cows were induced to consume the manure pellet on range by+accustoming them to the manure-barley pellet in a preliminary period of feeding in a drylot. Individual cow variation in intake of manure supplement was similar to that found for the cottonseed meal supplement. A marked response occurred to both supplements as measured by cow weights at calving and weaning weight of the calf. Cows given the manure-barley pellet had a higher body weight than cows given the cottonseed meal supplement, but intake of supplement was much greater for those given the manure-barley pellet.