Background: The decline in nutritional status of hospitalized patients was reported to be assossiated with longer length of stay and higher hospital charges. However, the effect of changes in nutritional status on hospital outcomes in Indonesia is still unknown.Objective: To determine the effect of changes in nutritional status on length of stay and hospital charge among adult hospitalized patients.Method: A total subjects of 262 adult patients who were admitted to internal and neurology departments of Dr. Sardjito, Dr.M.Jamil, and Sanglah hospitals were included in this study. Nutritional status of each patient was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method. Information on length of stay and hospital charge was collected based on medical records.Results: Subjects with nutritional status declined from normally to moderately, normally to severely, and moderately to severely malnourished were 6,3 (OR=6.32, 95% CI=1,3-29,8); 11,9 (OR=11.94, 95% CI=1,02-139,1); and 6,90 (OR=6.9, 95%CI=1,5-32,0 )times more likely to stay longer than those with nutritional status stayed normal during hospitalitation. They also had 3,3; unlimited; and 1,76 times risk on higher hospital charges than reference group (95% CI=1,123-9,529; unlimited; and 0,590-5,245).Conclusions: The declines of nutritional status from normally to moderately, normally to severely, and moderately to severely malnourished in hospitalized patients influenced to longer length of stay. Normally to moderately and normally to severely malnourished in hospitalized patients influenced to higher hospital charges.

Background: Food has not only considerable therapeutic but also economic value. The success of food provision is related to leftover that can indicate less optimum food provision in hospitals. Leftover indicates the presence of wasted cost.Objective: To analyze leftover and cost of leftover of schizophrenic inpatients at Madani Mental Hospital Palu.Method: The study used cross sectional method. Subject of the study were schizophrenic inpatients who got ordinary food portion had been mobilized from acute to common room 2 x 24 hours, put in class 3 room, were able to eat food on their own with exclusion criteria the presence of accompanying diseases that could affect appetite and got food from outside the hospital (n = 35). Data were analyzed quantitatively using chi square to find out factors related with the presence of leftover. Data of respondent characteristics and cost of leftover were analyzed descriptively.Result: There was difference in leftover based on sex and portion in particular rice and animal side dish leftover (p <0.05) but there was no significant difference in age, type of schizophrenic disease, duration of hospitalization and previous hospitalization (p ≥ 0.05). Total cost of wasted food a day was Rp 1,529.33.Conclusion: There was difference in leftover based on sex and portion particularly rice and animal side dish leftover. Average amount of leftover varied according to eating time and types of food. Cost of wasted food varied according to types of food.

Background: Protein energy deficiency (PED) is one of nutrition disorders which happen to children under-five years. According to data of nutritional status examination result 2005 and 2006, the prevalence of PED at the Province of Sulawesi Tengah was 30.61% and 30.84%, whereas at District of Morowali was 11% and 11.6%. Lots of factors cause malnutrition among children under five, among others is imbalanced nutrient intake, infection, and rearing pattern of mothers comprising care and food supply.Objective: To identify rearing pattern of mothers as risk factor for the prevalence of PED in children under five. Method: This was an observational study with case control study design. Population and samples of the study were children under five suffering from PED as indicated from anthropometric standard weight for age according to standard of WHO National Child Health Standard (NCHS), i.e. < -2 elementary school to ≥ -3 elementary school. The controls were children under five who did not suffer from PED. Respondents consisted of mothers of children who had PED and did not have PED that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables observed were rearing pattern, infection as confounding variable and nutritional status. Nutritional status of children with PED and without PED was processed using index of weight for age against standard of WHO-NCHS. Chi-square and odds ratio were used to identify rearing pattern as risk factor for PED.Results: The result of the study showed that there were 23 mothers (57.5%) practicing poor rearing pattern in children with PED and there were 35 mothers (87.5%) practicing good rearing pattern in children without PED. The result of statistical test showed p < 0.05, i.e. p = 0.001, so there was significant difference in rearing pattern of mothers which consisted of knowledge, attitude and practice in the care and food supply of children under five.Conclusion: Poor rearing pattern of mothers brought greater risk for children with PED than good rearing pattern in the care and food supply of children under-five.

Background: Hypertension is happened generally at someone who has age more than 40 year. The prevalence of hypertension was tend to increase along with the increasing of amount of the elderly. Changing of nutrition status and unfavorable nutrition intakes like is high fat, sodium and low micronutrients (potassium, calcium, magnesium) have an effect to incidence of essential hypertension. Retreating of biologic accompanying aging process sometimes make the elderly become resistance to get quality of intakes nutrition.Objective: The study was conducted to know relations between nutrition intakes and nutrition status with occurrence on essential hypertension of the elderly in the health center Curup and Perumnas, Rejang Lebong District.Method: The study was observational analytic with case control matched study. Subject of the study was divided into two group i.e. case and control with comparison case and control 1:1 which matched to age and sex. Total subject were 150, taken by simple random method. The cases were essential hypertension patients who had recently diagnosed by doctors. Blood pressure measurements were three times in supine position. Hypertension was defined as average of three times supine systolic/diastolic blood pressures at p >140/ 90 mmHg. Nutrition status was determined by Body Mass Index (BMI). Intake nutrients were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in the last 3 months by using food model. χ 2 McNemar were used to bivariate analytic and condition logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with essential hypertension.Result: This study showed that there were 4 variables significantly related with essential hypertension, i.e. intakes of sodium (OR: 3.43; CI 95%:1.09-10.77), potassium (OR: 0.24; CI 95%:0.07-0.84), stress (OR: 3.79; CI 95%:1.18-12.12), and obesity (OR: 4.57; CI 95%:1.49-13.95). The no significant correlation (p>0.05) identified for intakes of fat, calcium, magnesium, coffee consumption, smoking status and family history of essential hypertension.Conclusion: High intake of sodium, stress and obesity were the risk factors on occurrence of essential hypertension. In the other hand, high intake of potassium were reduce the risk on occurrence of essential hypertension (protective factor) in the health center Curup and Perumnas, Rejang Lebong District.

Backgrounds: Adequate nutrient intake for inpatients is much required in efforts to