Mammary internal and surface temperatures and milk temperature were correlated using five lactating goats. Internal mammary temperature was estimated using temperature-sensitive transmitters placed deep within the parenchyma of each mammary half. External mammary temperature was estimated using infrared thermography of four mammary skin sites: TI, teat end; T2, teat base; G1, about 20mm above the teat base; and G2, about 20mm ventral to the base of the gland deep to the thigh. The thermistor bead used for estimating milk temperature was placed in the claw piece where the short milk tube of the liner attaches. This placement minimized cooling effects of milk contact surfaces. The overall correlations of milk temperature with mammary temperatures ranged from 0.45 to 0.64. Correlations among the six paired values for the four external sites ranged from 0.76 to 0.92. Milk and surface temperatures, milking time, and milk weight were employed in various combinations as covariables; these were calculated within animal, within half. Milk temperature was the single most important predictor of internal mammary temperature in all models. Milk temperature alone or combined with covariables can be used to predict internal mammary temperature.

Summary Goats were infused intramammary with three different agents. The relationship between intramammary temperature (IMT), deep colonic temperature (CT), and milk somatic cell concentration (MSCC) was noted. Two trials used 500 μg of E. coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and two trials S. aureus bacterins (lysed cells or inactivated whole cells). An increase of 1.6 °C in IMT and CT occurred 5 to 6 hours post‐infusion (HPI) of LPS. Correlations between IMT and CT were 0.61 and 0.91 for the two LPS trials. MSCC had increased more than 30‐fold by 8.75 HPI. The lysed‐cell bacterin gave no significant temperature response, but MSCC increased 3‐fold by 6 HPI. However, IMT and CT were highly correlated (r = 0.75). The whole‐cell bacterin caused increases of 0.6 °C and 0.8 °C for CT and IMT, respectively, reaching their maximum by 5 HPI, with a correlation of 0.75. MSCC increased 6‐fold, reaching a zenith simultaneous with temperature. In all trials, fat percentage and hourly fat content decreased. Protein values in Trials 2 and 3 remained constant, while in Trial 1 marked increases were seen. Hourly milk production remained relatively constant in most cases. Measurement of IMT may thus be a useful method in disease detection. Zusammenfassung Änderungen der Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung der Milch nach intramammärer Infusion von E. coli LPS und S. aureus Vakzinen bei Ziegen Bei Ziegen wurden drei verschiedene Substanzen intramammär infundiert. Die Beziehungen zwischen der intramammären Temperatur (IMT), der Colontemperatur (CT) und der somatischen Zellzahl in der Milch (MSCC) wurden untersucht. In je zwei Versuchen wurden 500 μg E. coli Lipopolysaccharidendotoxin (LPS) und S. aureus Bacterine (lysierte Zellen oder inaktivierte, ganze Zellen) verwendet. 5 bis 6 h nach der Infusion (HPI) von LPS kam es zu einer Zunahme der IMT um 1,6 °C. Die Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen IMT und CT betrugen in den beiden LPS‐Versuchen 0,61 und 0,91. Innerhalb von 8,75 HPI erfolgte ein 30facher Anstieg der MSCC. Das Bacterin aus lysierten Zellen bewirkte keinen signifikanten Temperaturanstieg, dagegen betrug die MSCC 6 h post infusionem das 3fache. IMT und CT waren hoch korreliert (r = 0,75). Nach Infusion des Bacterins aus ganzen Zellen betrugen die Temperaturanstiege für IMT und CT 0,8 °C und 0,6 °C, mit einem Maximum bei 5 HPI und einem Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,75. Die MSCC stieg um das 6fache an, wobei das Maximum gleichzeitig wie beim Temperaturanstieg erreicht wurde. In alien Versuchen kam es zu einer Abnahme der Fettprozente und des Fettgehaltes in der Milch. In den Versuchen 2 und 3 blieben die Proteinwerte konstant, während in Versuch 1 ein markanter Anstieg beobachtet wurde. In den meisten Fallen blieb die stündliche Milchproduktion unverändert. Die Bestimmung der IMT scheint eine brauchbare Methode zur Feststellung einer Euterentzündung zu sein. Résumé Changements de la température et de la composition du lait après une infusion intramammaire de vaccins LPS E. coli et S. aureus chez des chèvres Trois subst...

Temperature and milk compositional responses were studied in halves of goat udders opposite those infused intramammarily with various agents, as well as following systemic (IV) LPS injection. Infusion of LPS resulted in an average temperature increase for the non-infused glands and colon of around 1.6 "C. Infusion of a lysed S. aureus vaccine resulted in essentially no temperature changes. Infusion of an inactivated S. aweus vaccine resulted in a moderate glandular and colonic temperature increase of 0.5 "C by 5 h. Milk fat percentages and hourly fat production decreased significantly following infusion of each agent. The IV injection of LPS caused glandular and colonic temperature increases of 2.2 "C and 1.8 "C, respectively, by 4 h. In all four trials the milk somatic cell concentration (MSCC) remained unchanged, while protein values showed a non-significant decrease. The intramammary temperature of the non-infused gland paralleled the colonic temperature whether systemic or local administration was used. Comparison between the results obtained for the infused and noninfused glands indicates that temperature increases were similar, as was the depression in milk fat content. Protein and MSCC, however, responded differentially. These results indicate that milk fat percentage may be a more sensitive indicator of a general systemic response than MSCC. 562 JARMAN and CARUOLO increases biphasically (5-7, 9-11, 13), and a decrease occurs in the milk protein concentration (1, 16).The intravenous (IV) administration of LPS causes a systemic febrile response (17,26, 28-31), blood leukopenia followed by a leukocytosis (17, 26, 30), and ruminal hypomotility leading to stasis (26, 27, 29, 30).There is only very limited data published on the response of the non-infused glands to LPS infusion or on the mammary response following IV administration. It has been reported generally that LPS infusion into one gland does not influence the MSCC of the non-infused glands (3, 4, 12, 24), but a recent report (25) indicated that an increase in MSCC from 7.1 mm to 23.3 mm (in mean Wisconsin Mastitis Test score) occurred in the non-infused bovine gland. Also the non-infused gland demonstrated a monophasic increase in MBF following contralateral LPS infusions (7, 9). A similar monophasic Model M, Mini-Mitter Co., Sunriver, Oregon 97702 USA. Models 44TA and 402, Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Inc., Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387 USA.Millex-HA, Millipore Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts 01 730 USA.' Fossomatic and Milk-0-scan, Foss America, Inc., Fishkill, New York 12524 USA.