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The buckling resistance of orthogonally stiffened cylinders is investigated for elastic critical buckling and non-linear elasto-plastic buckling tests. The effects of residual stresses arising from cold forming the cylinder and welding frame components are considered in the analysis of two stiffened cylinder models with similar material weights and different geometric spacings. A static axial load is applied to the models to represent loading from the supported structure followed by a non-linear elasto-plastic buckling step representing a wave loading combined with hydrostatic pressure, producing large displacement compartment buckling. Residual stress is shown to cause a reduction in buckling resistance of approximately 25% in the stiffened cylinder segments.