Se pretende revisar la aportación de la ecografía al diagnóstico diferencial de la patología escrotal tanto testicular como anexial. MÉTODO: se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema incorporando la experiencia de nuestra Unidad a lo largo de los años, clasificando la patología en testicular y extratesticular y dentro de estas separando aquellas lesiones líquidas de las sólidas, además de un grupo de miscelánea no clasificable. RESULTADOS: actualmente la ecografía con equipos de alta frecuencia permite no sólo diferenciar entre patología intra y extraescrotal sino identificar lesiones específicas cuyo manejo puede incluir el seguimiento sin tener que recurrir a la exploración quirúrgica inevitable. CONCLUSIONES: la ecografía es una prueba sencilla, no dolorosa y puede repetirse sin mayor inconveniente por lo que es la primera prueba que debe solicitarse ante cualquier problema del contenido escrotal.

The renal cell tumour supposes 1% of the adult's tumors, while the transitional carcinoma has an incidence of 7%. The simultaneous appearance of a carcinoma of renal cells, and a transitional tumour of pelvis in the same kidney, they suppose an exceptional fact not existing but of 30 cases published in the world, presenting an approximate incidence of 0.14% of the pathology renal tumoral. We present a new case of this unusual association that supposes the 4 case indexed in the literature in Spanish.

Ya ]ESPERSEN levantó esta cuestión en su The Philosophy of Grammar. cuya primera edición, como es sabido, es de 1924. Citamos por 8.• ed. Londres, Allen and Unwin, 1958, 309: «

No abstract

systems then found that the migration and invasive abilities was dramatically decreased in U2OS/PTX3 siRNA cell. In addition, silence of PTX3 expression decreased the mRNA and protein expression of legumain (LGMN) and S100 calcium binding protein A16 (S100A16) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling proteins. Silence of PTX3 expression also decreased the binding capacity of SP-1/AP-2 on the LGMN/S100A16 gene promoter. Moreover, data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated that PTX3 expression was significantly associated with advanced progression and poor survival in osteosarcoma. Conclusion PTX3 may be a a novel osteosarcoma treatment strategy and a useful biomarker for predicting osteosarcoma progression. Introduction Integrin signalling regulates proliferation, migration, metastasis and cell death and has been suggested as a possible target in antitumor therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of different integrin a subunits knockdown in increasing sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and melanoma cell lines to cisplatin, microtubule poisons paclitaxel (PTX) and vincristine (VCR), and mitigating metastatic potential. Material and methods The knockdown of integrin subunits av, b3, b5, a3 and a4 was achieved by transfection of siRNA. The sensitivity of cell lines to anticancer drugs was determined using MTT assay. For monitoring cell migration and invasion, migration or matrigel-coated invasion Transwell Cell Culture Inserts were used. Flow cytometry, western blot, and confocal microscopy were done using standard protocols. Results and discussions We analysed the proof of concept in melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S that expresses integrins avb3 and avb5 but not avb1. Following transfection with integrin-specific siRNAs integrin subunit av knockdown was selected since it increased sensitivity to PTX and VCR, and decreased metastatic potential. We observed an integrin switching effect upon b3, b5 and a4 knockdown that led to differing changes of sensitivity to antitumor drugs and cell migration. Using a panel of TNBC (MDA-MB-231,-468 and À436) and melanoma (RPMI-7951, MeWo and A375) cell lines we showed that knockdown of integrin av increased sensitivity to PTX and VCR and inhibited metastatic potential in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, RPMI-7951 and MeWo, while no effect was observed in MDA-MB-436 and A375 cells. To assess the importance of integrins avb3/b5 in sensitisation to PTX we exposed all cell lines to combination of avb3/b5 inhibitor cilengitide and PTX and observed increased PO-156