Prolonged endurance exercise over several days induces increase in extracellular water (ECW). We aimed to investigate an association between the increase in ECW and the change in aldosterone and vasopressin in a multistage ultraendurance triathlon, the 'World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon' with 10 Ironman triathlons within 10 days. Before and after each Ironman, body mass, ECW, urinary [Na(+)], urinary [K(+)], urinary specific gravity, urinary osmolality and aldosterone and vasopressin in plasma were measured. The 11 finishers completed the total distance of 38 km swimming, 1800 km cycling and 422 km running within 145.5 (18.8) hours and 25 (22) minutes. ECW increased by 0.9 (1.1) L from 14.6 (1.5) L prerace to 15.5 (1.9) L postrace (P < 0.0001). Aldosterone increased from 70.8 (104.5) pg/mL to 102.6 (104.6) pg/mL (P = 0.033); vasopressin remained unchanged. The increase in ECW was related neither to postrace aldosterone nor to postrace vasopressin. In conclusion, ECW and aldosterone increased after this multistage ultraendurance triathlon, but vasopressin did not. The increase in ECW and the increase in aldosterone were not associated.
Background: Crohn's disease (CD) affects Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) especially in patients with clinical activity but their impact over the disease during periods of remission has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: To evaluate HRQoL in CD patients in remission and to identify socio-demographic and clinical factors related. Methods: We included patients with CD in remission for at least 6 months, defined as a CDAI < 150 and a CRP < 5 mg/L. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. HR-QoL was evaluated with Short Form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Results were analyzed using multiple regressions with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Nine two patients (X-= 37 ± 11.4 years, 52.2% men) were consecutively included. Two patients failed to fill correctly the questionnaire and were excluded. Scores on the SF-36 were lower than in the general population of similar age and gender. The most affected dimension in the SF-36 was General Health (47.98 ± 19.58) and the IBDQ Systemic Symptoms (5.15 ± 1.27). Age, colonic location and previous surgery was related with worse HRQoL, while higher educational status, more time since diagnosis, steroid-resistance and inflammatory behavior, was associated with better HRQoL. Conclusions: Despite being in remission, CD patients had affected their HRQoL, so we must continue working to achieve improvement in HRQL of these patients during these periods of the disease.
El agua residual estudiada fue obtenida de una planta productora de latas, localizada en el centro de la República Mexicana. Esta agua residual fue caracterizada y tratada a nivel laboratorio y planta piloto usando procesos de coagulación y floculación. Tres coagulantes y dos floculantes fueron usados en seis combinaciones y un diseño factorial, así como un análisis de superficie de respuesta (ASR) fueron llevados a cabo para explorar los efectos de pH, concentraciones de coagulante y floculante y velocidad de agitación. Del mismo modo pruebas de sedimentación en columna fueron llevadas a cabo, a las mejores condiciones de operación, para determinar el tiempo de detención para la planta piloto. Estas condiciones fueron utilizadas para construir una planta piloto para tratar 15.14 L/min, la cual incluye una membrana de ósmosis inversa (0I). En la prueba de jarras, las mejores condiciones de remoción UNT con cero turbidez fueron alcanzadas por la combinación de Al2(SO4)3-NALCO 9907, a 100 min-1 y pH ácido. En la planta piloto fue requerido un tiempo de detención de 2 horas para remover el 100 % de los sólidos suspendidos en el tanque de sedimentación. La unidad de OI permitió el incremento de remoción de los sólidos totales disueltos a 96.1 % permitiendo una recuperación máxima de agua residual de casi 72 %. Los datos de la unidad de OI fueron exitosamente modelados mediante redes neuronales artificiales (ANN). Una red de cuatro capas alimentada hacia adelante con un algoritmo de propagación hacia atrás fue usada para entrenar todos los modelos de RNA. Los datos esperados y experimentales fueron bien correlacionados y fue alcanzado un coeficiente de determinación de 0.99.
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