We report a case of lethal air embolism during diagnostic arthroscopy using air to distend an acutely injured knee. Air had escaped from the joint through an intra-articular fracture and entered the venous system. During arthroscopy, pressure within the joint may be 5 to 10 times higher than venous pressure, so any medium may escape. We advise that the use of air, especially in freshly injured joints, should be abandoned in favour of saline or carbon dioxide.

Avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity are rare injuries. Several surgical treatment options have been described. The size of the calcaneal fragment is the limiting factor in choosing the method for restoration. Finding the right type of fixation modality remains challenging in this rare kind of injury. In the case presented one Mitek Super Anchor was used to reattach the small fragment of the tuberosity to the calcaneus. Stable fixation with bony reunion and excellent functional outcome were achieved by this technique within 10 weeks. Therefore, we recommend the use of an anchor system for the treatment of small fragment calcaneal avulsion fractures.

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Zusammenfassung: Wir berichten über einen 18jährigen Patienten mit einer großen abdominoskrotalen Hydrozele (ASH) rechts mit 3300 ml Flüssigkeit. Durch Kompression des Ureters entwickelte sich über mehrere Monate eine sekundäre Hydronephrose. Aufgrund der Literaturzusammenstellung handelt es sich um die häufigste Komplikation der ASH. Die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose wird mit dem MRI als Untersuchungsmittel der Wahl oder dem CT erhärtet. Die Therapie besteht in der totalen Exzision durch einen inguinalen Zugang, womit sich auch die Hydroureteronephrose zurückbildet.Complications of the Abdominoscrotal Hydrocele: Case Report and Review of the Literature: This is the report of an 18year-old patient with a large abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) and secondary hydroureteronephrosis on the right side resulting from contiguous pressure for several months. The literature review revealed hydronephrosis to be the most frequent complication of ASH. The diagnosis is established by magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography. Complete surgical excision through a groin incision is recommended. After removal, healing is usually complete, including regression of the hydroureteronephrosis. Eingereicht: 9/94 2. Neueinreichung: 3/95 Neu eingereicht: 1/95 Angenommen: 3/95 Heruntergeladen von: NYU. Urheberrechtlich geschützt.Komplikationen derabdominoskrotalen Hydrozele Akt. Ural. 27 (1996) 37