Diets were prepared with corn, wheat, or sorghum ground in a hammer mill and sieved to obtain coarse, medium, and fine particle size fractions. Their effect on broiler performance from hatch to 7 d and from 7 to 21 d of age was studied. The effect of particle size on the size and pH of the gastrointestinal organs was also determined. The three textures obtained for each grain were uniform in geometric mean diameter (GMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). Grain by texture interactions were not significant. Independent of grain source, the best performance was obtained with diets prepared from the medium texture. In these diets, the GMD of the grains varied from 1.13 to 1.23 mm and the GSD from 1.19 to 1.35. The fine fraction (GMD .57 to .67 mm) resulted in the lowest performance and that resulting from the coarse fraction (GMD 2.01 to 2.10 mm) was intermediate. At 7 and 21 d of age, gizzard weight and content were positively related to particle size. At the age of 21 d, duodenum weight and content was highest in chicks fed the fine diets. The pH of the gizzard content decreased with increasing grain particle size, whereas that of the small intestinal content increased. Some grain effects were also observed on the gastrointestinal tract. Gizzard weight was greatest in the cornfed birds. Wheat-fed chicks had the heavier intestines and contents. After overnight feed deprivation, feed consumption by 7-d-old chicks was related to the particle size during the first 2 h of refeeding, with greater intake of medium and coarse grains.

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of particle size obtained by grinding wheat and sorghum in a hammer mill (HM) or roller mill (RM) on broiler performance. Broilers were fed a mash diet or crumbles to 4 wk of age, then pellets to 7 wk of age. When fed as a mash, diets produced with RM-ground grain improved performance. The effect of grinding was additive to that of pelleting. The interactive effects observed between grinding method and the form of the feed on body weight and feed intake were explained by the higher response to pelleting when grains were ground in HM vs RM. The positive effect of grinding in RM on feed utilization was found to be additive to that of pelleting in all three experiments. The response of females to feed texture was less pronounced than that of males. In males, feeding pellets vs mash increased mortality due to ascites threefold, whereas grinding method had no effect. Females were less susceptible to ascites than males, and feed texture had no effect in this respect. The effects of grinding and pelleting on the gastrointestinal tract segments were additive. The main effects of feed texture were a significant increase in stomach weight and that of its contents following HM grinding and a decrease in these following pelleting, with no interactions between the two.

High Seebeck effects from conducting polymer: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) based thin-film device with hybrid metal/polymer/metal architecture APL: Org. Electron. Photonics 5, 238 (2012) High Seebeck effects from conducting polymer: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) based thin-film device with hybrid metal/polymer/metal architecture Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 173304 (2012) Response to "Comment on 'Silver/silicon dioxide/silver sandwich films in the blue-to-red spectral regime with negative-real refractive index'" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 156101 (2012)] Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 156102 (2012) On the determination of the glass forming ability of AlxZr1−x alloys using molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, and classical thermodynamics J. Appl. Phys. 112, 073508 (2012) Enhanced photoanode properties of epitaxial Ti doped α-Fe2O3 (0001) thin films Appl.Chemical bonding and local order around the different atoms of thick amorphous SiC x N y deposits ͓0.03рx/(xϩy)р0.67͔ prepared with chemical vapor deposition at 1000-1200°C using TMS-NH 3 -H 2 have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ͑XPS͒, Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry ͑FT-IR͒, electron energy loss spectroscopy ͑EELS͒ and 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ͑MAS-NMR͒. XPS analyses have shown that the main bonds are Si-C, Si-N, and C-C, and have suggested the existence of C-N bonds. According to Raman analyses and complementary FT-IR absorption of thin films, the coatings are nonhydrogenated. Si, C and N atomic chemical environments are more complicated than in a mixture of pure Si 3 N 4 -SiC phases. The examination of the Si KL 2,3 L 2,3 line shapes recorded by XPS have allowed one to state the existence of Si(C 4Ϫn N n ) units. Mixed coordination shells around silicon have been confirmed by EELS analyses. Additionally, FT-IR reflection analyses have proved that Si is both bonded with N and C. Indirect indication has been obtained owing to the 29 Si MAS-NMR analyses of powders. Raman analyses have been conclusive to assume that C-C bonds correspond to a mixed sp 3 Ϫsp 2 carbon configuration linked with Si(C 4Ϫn N n ) tetrahedra with 0рnр4.

The crystal structure of the low-temperature form of InzSe 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The space group is P6~ with a = 7.11, c = 19.34/k, Z = 6, R = 0.066. It can be considered as a distorted wurtzite-like structure in which the In atoms are either tetrahedrally or pentagonally coordinated. A comparison with other M~ X 3 compounds is given.