The radioecological conditions which developed on the territory over the long operating time of the object of the naval fleet in Guba Andreev are described. The results of an analysis of the sources of the real and potential danger and measures to prevent dangerous effects for the environment and the workers at the time remediation work is performed are discussed.The buildings and structures at a temporary disposal site for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes in Guba Andreev (a former technical shore base of the northern fleet) were built at the end of the 1950s -beginning of the 1960s. Since spent fuel was added to the disposal site well before the fuel was shipped out, a large amount of fuel (~100 reactor cores from submarines) and radioactive wastes have accumulated at the site. For more than 40 yr of operation, the buildings and structures were not maintained, so that the states of many storage sites are unsafe [1]. Because the storage sites have become leaky, radioactive substances are flowing into the ground waters on the territory. Melted snow and rain water are gradually expanding the zone of contamination and are carrying radionuclides into the water of Guba Andreev.Determination of the Radioecological State of the Territory and Water Area. Periodic examinations of the buildings, structures, territory, and water area of Guba Andreev were conducted by the radiation safety services of the fleet and by specialists from the Research and Design Institute of Electrical Technology (ground survey) and the Russian Science Center Kurchatov Institute (water area). In 2002-2004, the free financial assistance provided by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Agency made it possible to construct cartograms of the radiation contamination ( Fig. 1) and perform hydrogeological and radiation-geological examinations of a large part of the territory of the disposal site. These measurements differed quantitatively and qualitatively from previous measurements: the number of measurements performed on soil samples was ten times larger than the number performed in preceding years, extensive field investigations made it possible to construct cartograms of the γ-ray field of the territory and water area and to identify the locations of sources of radioactive contamination and determine the radionuclide composition. On the basis of these results, a three-dimensional database containing information on the sources of radioactive contamination of the territory, buildings, and structures was constructed. This database can be used to estimate the real and potential sources of radioecological danger and to plan work on eliminating them.

A variant of the application of the norms and regulations currently operating in our country which ensure radiation safety for workers, the general public, and the environment is presented to valdiate the criteria for rehabilitation of the territory of the shore servicing bases of the naval fleet. The main normative-legal documentation on the rehabilitation of the radiation dangerous objects is analyzed and the international and domestic experience in performing such work, including radiation accidents, is examined. The quantitative criteria used in practice for the residual radioactive contamination of industrial objects and housing developments and the environment are singled out, and an attempt is made, on the basis of a generalization of the information available, to adapt individual tenets in the interests of rehabilitation of radiation dangerous shore-based objects of the fleet.The need for rehabilitation of former shore servicing bases, which have become temporary storage sites belonging to Rosatom for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes, arose as part of the salvaging of nuclear and radiation-hazardous objects of the Russian naval fleet. The surrounding territories, with rare exceptions (radioactive plume after the 1985 accident on the submarine in Buhkta Chazhma), have no radioactive contamination. Consequently, radioecological rehabilitation means removal of residual contamination from structures, territories, and adjoining marine water areas and removal (burial) of the wastes produced.It is obvious that the validation of the quantitative values of the residual radioactivity that is admissable after rehabilitation depend on the future use of the objects. Unfortunately, the domestic normative documents do not contain such criteria. At the same time, using materials from the norms and rules which are operative in our country for radiation safety of workers, the general public, and the environment and expanding the sphere of their application within admissable limits it is possible to validate criteria also for radioecological rehabilitation of the shore servicing bases of the fleet.The term "rehabilitation," often understood as conversion of the territory of a dangerous object into a "green meadow" suitable for free use for industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes, unfortunately, does not have a clear definition either in the domestic normative-legal documents or in the international recommendations and it is intuitively interpreted as returning such territories to their initial background state, which is not always desirable and justified.