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The laboratory studies were conducted to resolute the effects of imidacloprid (insecticide) and triadimefon (fungicide) singly and in combination on enzymatic activities of soil microorganisms in tomato cultivated soils at different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 kg/ha. The rate of amylase activity was stimulated by the application of pesticides at field rate. High dosage decreased the activity of amylase. Decline in the activity of cellulase was observed at all concentrations than control. Imidacloprid had an improved activity of cellulase at 0.5 μg/g than tridimefon and combination. At higher concentration (0.7 μg/g), the combination of insecticide and fungicide showed an antagonistic interaction toward cellulase. After 24 h, maximum inhibition was observed in invertase enzyme rate at all examined dosages. After 48 h, the activity was revived to some extent and imidacloprid showed enhanced activity at 0.5 μg/g (field rate). However at 0.7 μg/g, imidacloprid has a noticeable effect on the invertase. The pesticide application in single and in combination (0.2-0.7 μg/g soil) triggered the dehydrogenase activity. At field rate triadimefon significantly quickened the activity.

Fibrinolytic enzymes find necessary applications to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases.  In this study, optimal conditions for enhancing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from local marine bacterial strains were evaluated. The present study also focuses on screening of wound                  healing efficacy of the isolated fibrinolytic enzymes.Various physical parameters such as temperature, pH, incubation time and medium components viz. inoculum size, substrate (nitrogen and carbon) concentrations were optimized. A cultivation medium was designed using optimized conditions for mass production of fibrinolytic enzyme and specific activity of enzyme was analyzed. The maximum enzyme production was observed at 37 °C temperature, 8.0 pH,substrate concentration with 3 ml inoculum size and 32 h. of incubation time. Among the different carbon sources tested, Mannitol showed maximum enzyme activity i.e 538 U/ml.  yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source with an enzyme activity of 498 U/ml.  The best substrate for the production fibrinolytic enzyme was found to be kernelwith high  activity of 1056U/ml. The crude enzyme displayed potent activity and digested blood clot completely in in vitro condition and exhibited potent activity on wound healing property in macrophages.

Bioplastic, Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is well known for it’s environmental friendliness and complete decomposition into water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms. The main drawback of PHB commercialization is it’s high production cost which is 10 times higher than that of synthetic plastic. So, the present research work mainly focussed on the fermentative production of PHB by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Nocardiopsis potens using low cost raw materials like Molasses, wheat bran, rice bran, ragi bran, jambul seed powder, orange peel and whey as substrates. Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Nocardiopsis potens gives maximum PHB 16.5 µg/ ml and 26.8 µg/ ml respectively in the medium containing molasses and wheat bran as a substrates. Further the functional groups of extracted PHB were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract:The laboratory studies were conducted to resolute the effects of Imidacloprid (insecticide) and Triadimefon (fungicide) singly and in combination on enzymatic activities of soil microorganisms in tomato cultivated soils at different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 kg per hectare. It was observed that phosphatase, protease and urease activities were elevated noteworthy at 0.5kg per hectare after 10 days of incubation. At lower concentration the activities of these enzymes showed no significant difference from that of control. The combination of the two pesticides led to a pronounced decline of phosphatase and protease enzyme activities at higher concentration. Triadimefon had no effect on urease activity at low concentrations whereas at 0.5 and 0.7 concentrations there was a significant increase when compared to control.