The chromosomal observations were carried out on 66 taxa collected from Kolli Hills belongs to 38 genera and 20 families. Sixty two ferns were studied cytologically for the first time in this study area. The present study has revealed the presence of 32 sexual diploids, 20 sexual tetraploids, 2 apogamous tetraploids, 9 sexual octoploids, 2 apogamous triploids and one 12-ploid sexual species. The sexuality of polyploids has also been calculated. The maximum number of chromosomes (n=171) were observed in Adiantum hispidulum while a minimum number of chromosomes (n=30) were in Adiantum latifolium, Cheilanthes tenuifolia and Pellaea boivinii. About the 20 genera were observed to be with more than one base number and remaining 18 genera with a single base number. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Aims: The study aims to find out the Socio-Economic changes occurred in the livelihoods of agricultural migrants in Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu. Study Design: Ex-post facto research design. Place and Duration of Study: Tiruppur district were purposively selected for this study since it is stands third place in Tamil Nadu receiving the migrants. This study was conducted during May 2021. Methodology: Migrants with agricultural background was selected as respondents for this study. Total sample size of 120 respondents were selected by using snow ball sampling method. To measure socio-economic changes of migrants, socio-economic indicators were identified based on the literature review, discussion with advisory committee members and senior social scientists. The socio-economic indicators identified for measuring socio-economic changes are socio-psychological factors, education, health maintenance and nutrition, housing, occupation, cultural factors, economic changes, social participation and material possession. The primary data was collected with the help of a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Percentage analysis and cumulative frequency method were used to analyse the data. Results: In this context, the Socio-Economic changes of agricultural migrants were analysed and discussed with nine sub-headings. The results reveals that majority of the migrants (84.16%) expenditure on education were increased, All the respondents (100%) were able to take balanced diet, Vast majority of the respondents (91.66%) expenditure towards the improvement of the house were changed, Cent per cent of the respondent’s occupation were changed, Most of the respondents (90.00%) expenditure on celebration of festivals were increased, There was a vast change in the income of the majority of the respondents (89.16%), Cent per cent of respondents possess mobile phone and television, The outside contact was increased for most of the migrants (93.33%).Overall more than half (54.70%) of the respondents had medium level of overall socio economic changes. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents were inter-district rural migrants and the cost of living is high in the urban areas. It might be the reasons for medium level of socio-economic changes.

Background Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic, episodic illness that can create problems and disruptions in the social, occupational, and family functioning of a client. Families are frequently most affected by their bipolar member and have a sense of helplessness to fix bipolar symptoms. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Family-focused Nursing Interventions (FFNI) on functional improvement in the sample of symptomatic bipolar affective disorder clients. Method In this experimental study, 149 patients with BPAD were interviewed along with family members through the consecutive sampling technique from the inpatient ward. Varying block randomization was used to allocate the patients to the control and experimental groups. After obtaining ethical clearance, the study was registered under the Clinical trail registry India (CTRI). Baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables, and the functional levels, were assessed using Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation-Range of Impaired Functioning Tool and Functional Assessment Short Test. The control group (74) received routine treatment; the experimental group (75) received routine treatment along with FFNI in seven sessions, and posttest was conducted at discharge, one-month, and at two-month follow-up at OPD. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20 (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant result. Results At the end of the study, 149 clients completed the treatment and follow-up. Both the groups were comparable at baseline in demography as well as clinical variables. There was significant improvement in the functional level after FFNI. The total score of LIFE-RIFT and the Functional Assessment Short Test score were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group with P = 0.001. Conclusion The current study concluded that adjuvant to routine treatment FFNI will improve the functional ability of the client along with routine psychiatric treatment for BPAD.

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